CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 202Alcohol Consumption and Health EffectsLiver Disease Diagnosis and TreatmentLiver Disease and Transplantation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Body mass index and risk of liver cirrhosis in middle aged UK women: prospective study

Open access
Liu, B., Balkwill, A., Reeves, G., Beral, V., on behalf of the Million Women Study Collaborators.·2010·BMJ
DOI 10.1136/bmj.c912PMC PMC2837146
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relation between body mass index (BMI) and liver cirrhosis and the contribution that BMI and alcohol consumption make to the incidence of liver cirrhosis in middle aged women in the UK. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study (Million Women Study). SETTING: Women recruited from 1996 to 2001 in NHS breast screening centres and followed by record linkage to routinely collected information on hospital admissions and deaths. PARTICIPANTS: 1 230 662 women (mean age 56 years at recruitment) followed for an average of 6.2 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative risk and absolute risk of first hospital admission with or death from liver cirrhosis adjusted for age, recruitment region, alcohol consumption, smoking, socioeconomic status, and physical activity. RESULTS: 1811 women had a first hospital admission with or died from liver cirrhosis during follow-up. Among women with a BMI of 22.5 or above, increasing BMI was associated with an increased incidence of liver cirrhosis: the adjusted relative risk of cirrhosis increased by 28% (relative risk 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.19 to 1.38; P<0.001) for every 5 unit increase in BMI. Although the relative increase in the risk of liver cirrhosis per 5 unit increase in BMI did not differ significantly according to the amount of alcohol consumed, the absolute risk did. Among women who reported drinking less than 70 g alcohol per week, the absolute risk of liver cirrhosis per 1000 women over five years was 0.8 (0.7 to 0.9) for those with a BMI between 22.5 and 25 and 1.0 (0.9 to 1.2) for those with a BMI of 30 or more. Among women who reported drinking 150 g alcohol or more per week, the corresponding figures were 2.7 (2.1 to 3.4) and 5.0 (3.8 to 6.6). CONCLUSIONS: Excess body weight increases the incidence of liver cirrhosis. In middle aged women in the UK, an estimated 17% of incident or fatal liver cirrhosis is attributable to excess body weight. This compares with an estimated 42% attributable to alcohol.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1136/bmj.c912

Cites

23 of 23 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 23 references

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Liu, B., Balkwill, A., Reeves, G., Beral, V., & Collaborators., O. B. O. T. M. W. S.
Affiliations
University of Oxford (GB)
Corresponding author
Liu, B.
ORCID
Venue
BMJ
Publisher
BMJ
Published
2010-03-11
Volume
340
Issue
mar11 1
Pages
c912-c912
ISSN
  • 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
  • 0959-8138
  • 1468-5833
DOI
10.1136/bmj.c912
PMC
PMC2837146
OpenAlex
W1978589383
Cited by
202
References
23
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 6
FWCI
7.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
  • BMJ (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
  • ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders
  • Cancer Research UK
  • Medical Research Council
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease and Transplantation
Keywords
body mass index, liver cirrhosis, obesity, alcohol consumption, middle-aged women, attributable risk, overweight, Million Women Study
MeSH terms
Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis, Middle Aged, Obesity, Body Mass Index, Overweight, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review