Interaction between alcohol use and metabolic risk factors for liver disease: a critical review of epidemiological studies
Open accessAbstract
Coexistence of alcohol use and metabolic risk-the 2 commonest population risk factors for nonviral chronic liver disease-is a growing concern. Clinical evidence and mechanistic evidence point to considerable supraadditive interaction effects for the development and progression of chronic liver disease between hazardous alcohol use and metabolic abnormalities including obesity, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Intermittent binge drinking once monthly or more often seems to be associated with progression of liver disease even when average alcohol intake is within the currently allowed limits for a diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and supraadditive interaction between binge drinking and the MetS has been reported. There are contradictory findings regarding the association between low alcohol use and liver steatosis, but, clearly, the mechanisms of alcoholic hepatotoxicity extend beyond simple fat accumulation. The presence of liver steatosis seems to amplify alcoholic hepatotoxicity. Recent longitudinal studies of NAFLD subjects report low alcohol use associated with both increased fibrosis progression and an elevated risk for liver cancer and severe liver disease. There is no clear safe limit of alcohol intake in the presence of NAFLD or metabolic risk. The interaction effects between alcohol and metabolic dysfunction merit increased attention in public health policy, individual counseling, and risk stratification. Based on current evidence, a strict dichotomization of liver disease into either pure alcoholic or nonalcoholic may be inappropriate.
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There may be synergy between alcohol consumption and the presence of metabolic risk factors for liver disease progression, with the strongest effect for central obesity.
“Equally important may be the possible synergy between alcohol consumption and the presence of metabolic risk factors for liver disease progression, 75,83 with the strongest effect for central obesity.”
From EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). (2024) · cites this paper as [83]
The Abstract and ‘Interaction Between Hazardous Alcohol Use and Metabolic Risk’ section support possible synergy between alcohol use and metabolic risk factors in liver disease. The latter section says the interaction appears stronger when obesity is measured by waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio than by BMI, but it does not establish that central obesity has the strongest effect among all metabolic risk factors. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Flagged first, then by citations
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MAFLD identifies patients with significant hepatic fibrosis better than NAFLD
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- Authors
- Åberg, F., Färkkilä, M., & Männistö, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Helsinki University Hospital (FI)
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Åberg, Fredrik
- Venue
- Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-01-09
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 384-403
- ISSN
- 0145-6008 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-0277
- OpenAlex
- W2995840669
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 0.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.amsterdamumc.nl
- Licence
- Locations
- Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- alcohol consumption, metabolic risk factors, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic liver disease, binge drinking, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hepatic steatosis, liver fibrosis progression, liver cancer, risk stratification
- MeSH terms
- Alcohol Drinking, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis, Liver Diseases, Liver Diseases, Alcoholic, Liver Neoplasms, Obesity, Risk Factors, Epidemiologic Studies, Metabolic Syndrome, Binge Drinking, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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