Does moderate alcohol consumption accelerate the progression of liver disease in NAFLD? A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: Liver disease is a leading cause of premature death, partly driven by the increasing incidence of non-alcohol-related fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Many people with a diagnosis of NAFLD drink moderate amounts of alcohol. There is limited guidance for clinicians looking to advise these patients on the effect this will have on their liver disease progression. This review synthesises the evidence on moderate alcohol consumption and its potential to predict liver disease progression in people with diagnosed NAFLD. METHODS: A systematic review of longitudinal observational cohort studies was conducted. Databases (Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched up to September 2020. Studies were included that reported progression of liver disease in adults with NAFLD, looking at moderate levels of alcohol consumption as the exposure of interest. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognostic factor Studies tool. RESULTS: Of 4578 unique citations, 6 met the inclusion criteria. Pooling of data was not possible due to heterogeneity and studies were analysed using narrative synthesis. Evidence suggested that any level of alcohol consumption is associated with worsening of liver outcomes in NAFLD, even for drinking within recommended limits. Well conducted population based studies estimated up to a doubling of incident liver disease outcomes in patients with NAFLD drinking at moderate levels. CONCLUSIONS: This review found that any level of alcohol intake in NAFLD may be harmful to liver health.Study heterogeneity in definitions of alcohol exposure as well as in outcomes limited quantitative pooling of results. Use of standardised definitions for exposure and outcomes would support future meta-analysis.Based on this synthesis of the most up to date longitudinal evidence, clinicians seeing patients with NAFLD should currently advise abstinence from alcohol. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (#CRD42020168022).
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An emerging body of evidence suggests that any level of alcohol consumption, even within recommended limits, is associated with worsening of liver outcomes in MASLD and that moderate levels of alcohol are associated with a doubling of incident liver disease.
“Hence, an emerging body of evidence now suggests that any level of alcohol consumption, even within recommended limits, is associated with worsening of liver outcomes in MASLD and that moderate levels of alcohol are associated with a doubling of incident liver disease.”
From EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). (2024) · cites this paper as [92]
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- Authors
- Jarvis, H., O'Keefe, H., Craig, D., Stow, D., Hanratty, B., & Anstee, Q. M.
- Affiliations
- Newcastle University (GB)
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Corresponding author
- Jarvis, Helen
- Venue
- BMJ Open
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2022-01
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e049767
- ISSN
- 2044-6055 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8728442
- OpenAlex
- W4206791600
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 2.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMJ Open (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity) (cc-by)
- Funders
- NIHR Doctoral Research Fellowship Award (NIHR300716)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, moderate drinking, liver disease progression, alcohol abstinence, medical advice, liver outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Alcohol Drinking, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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