The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Methodological quality and synthesis of case series and case reports
Open accessAbstract
Case reports and case series are uncontrolled study designs known for increased risk of bias but have profoundly influenced the medical literature and continue to advance our knowledge. In this guide, we present a framework for appraisal, synthesis and application of evidence derived from case reports and case series. We propose a tool to evaluate the methodological quality of case reports and case series based on the domains of selection, ascertainment, causality and reporting and provide signalling questions to aid evidence-based practitioners and systematic reviewers in their assessment. We suggest using evidence derived from case reports and case series to inform decision-making when no other higher level of evidence is available.
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“A modified version of Murad and colleague’s methodological quality assessment tool will be used to assess quantitative studies [68].”
From The psychological processes of classic psychedelics in the treatment of depression: a systematic review protocol (2022) · cites this paper as [68]
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Cites
GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
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A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions
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“For case reports of adverse drug reactions, other systems classify an association as definite, probable, possible or doubtful based on leading questions.(8) 9 These questions are derived from the causality criteria that was established in 1965 by the English epidemiologist Bradford Hills.”
BackgroundThe environment and disease: association or causation?
Hill, A. B. (2015) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/0141076814562718 · Cited by 7,804
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The CARE guidelines: consensus-based clinical case reporting guideline development
Gagnier, J. J., Kienle, G. S., Altman, D. G., Moher, D., Sox, H. C., Riley, D. S., & the CARE Group (2013) · Journal of Medical Case Reports · doi:10.1186/1752-1947-7-223 · Cited by 1,464
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Self-citationENCEPHALOPATHY AND FATTY DEGENERATION OF THE VISCERA A DISEASE ENTITY IN CHILDHOOD
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Bazerbachi F , Haffar S , Leise MD , et al . Liver function tests and pattern of hepatic injury in glycogenic hepatopathy associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and analysis of 172 cases. Washington D.C: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, 2017.
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Dental Management of Genetic Dental Disorders: A Critical Review
Dujic, H., Bücher, K., Schüler, I. M., Schmidt, P., Hertel, S., Timpel, J., Jablonski-Momeni, A., Schilke, R., Kapferer-Seebacher, I., Zschocke, J., et al. (2025) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345241305330 · Cited by 9
“…phenotype, age-related restorative treatments, survival data, failures and their causes, as well as adverse events, should be published, potentially enabling data to be systematically extracted from CRs and CSs and methodically presented as a meta-analysis (Nissen and Wynn 2014; Murad et al. 2018).”
Gates-Tanzer, L., Mullen, B., Srikumar, J., Mardini, S., Sharaf, B., Bite, U., & Gibreel, W. (2025) · Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2025.01.019 · Cited by 5
Portal-splenic-mesenteric venous thrombosis in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review
Gomes, R. Z., Salina, M. V. J., Pironatto, V. H. M., Lepinski, J. K., Gueiber, T. D., Juliatto, B. M. S., Prestes, M. Z., & Martins, C. M. (2025) · Jornal Vascular Brasileiro · doi:10.1590/1677-5449.202301282 · Cited by 2
Valagussa, G., Piscitelli, D., Baruffini, S., Panzeri, V., Perin, C., Mazzucchelli, M., Cornaggia, C. M., Pellicciari, L., & Grossi, E. (2024) · Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40489-022-00329-3 · Cited by 3
Radiological features of pancreatic desmoid-type fibromatosis: a case series and systematic review
Tanishima, T., Kurokawa, R., Sone, M., Nakai, Y., & Kusumoto, M. (2024) · Abdominal Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00261-024-04570-8 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Murad, M. H., Sultan, S., Haffar, S., & Bazerbachi, F.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Murad, Mohammad Hassan
- Venue
- BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2018-02-02
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 60-63
- ISSN
- 1356-5524 (ISSN-L)
- 2515-446X
- 2515-4478
- PMC
- PMC6234235
- OpenAlex
- W2785755264
- Cited by
- 2,242
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 224 · 2025: 310 · 2024: 298 · 2023: 298 · 2022: 338 · 2021: 392 · 2020: 269 · 2019: 89 · 2018: 21
- FWCI
- 146.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Sciences Research and Education
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Keywords
- case series, methodological quality assessment, risk of bias, evidence synthesis, reporting quality, causality, selection bias, ascertainment bias, evidence-based practice, clinical decision-making
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