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Cited by 114Opioid Use Disorder TreatmentSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesHIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Methadone maintenance treatment programme reduces criminal activity and improves social well-being of drug users in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Open access
Sun, Hua-Min, Li, Xiao-Yan, Chow, Eric P F, Li, Tong, Xian, Yun, Lu, Yi-Hua, Tian, Tian, Zhuang, Xun, Zhang, Lei·2015·BMJ Open
DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005997PMC PMC4289728
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Abstract

Objective: Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) has been implemented in China since 2004 and has expanded into a nationwide programme. This study aims to evaluate changes in social functioning, family relations and drug-related criminal behaviour among MMT clients in China. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Both English and Chinese literature databases, including PubMed, Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journals Database (CQVIP), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Data, were comprehensively searched over the period 2004–2014 for studied indicators. Study selection, quality assessment and data extraction were conducted according to the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) Statement. Meta-analyses were conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Biostat software. Results: Thirty-eight articles were included in this review (1 in English and 37 in Chinese). The self-reported arrest rate decreased from 13.1% (95% CI 9.1% to 18.5%) at baseline to 3.4% (95% CI 1.5% to 7.7%) and 4.3% (95% CI 1.6% to 11.4%) after 6 and 12 months of MMT intervention, respectively. The rate of drug selling decreased from 7.6% (95% CI 3.8% to 14.8%) at baseline to 1.9% (95% CI 0.6% to 6.2%) and 3.0% (95% CI 1.0% to 8.9%) after 6 and 12 months of intervention, respectively. Similarly, the rates of selling sex for drugs and drug-related crime decreased from 5.3% (95% CI 2.4% to 11.1%) and 9.9% (95% CI 6.8% to 14.2%) at baseline to 1.1% (95% CI 0.5% to 2.3%) and 3.4% (95% CI 2.5% to 4.5%) at 6 months, then to 0.8% (95% CI 0.3% to 1.9%) and 3.4% (95% CI 0.8% to 13.1%) at 12 months after treatment initiation, respectively. In contrast, the rate of employment of clients and the proportion of clients having a good relationship with their family increased substantially from 26.4% (95% CI 22.9% to 30.1%) and 37.9% (95% CI 32.0% to 44.2%) to 41.6% (95% CI 36.6% to 48.0%) and 59.6% (95% CI 48.1% to 70.2%) at 6 months, then to 59.8% (95% CI 52.4% to 66.8%) and 75.0% (95% CI 69.0% to 80.2%) at 12 months after treatment initiation, respectively. Conclusions: MMT has significantly reduced criminal activity, and improved employment rate and social well-being, of clients of the MMT programme. MMT is an effective measure to help drug users to resume societal and familial functions in China.

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Crossref · 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005997

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Figures

Figure 1 Flow chart for selection of studies. CNKI, China National Knowledge Infrastructure; CQVIP, Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journals Database; MMT, methadone maintenance treatment.
Figure 1 Flow chart for selection of studies. CNKI, China National Knowledge Infrastructure; CQVIP, Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journals Database; MMT, methadone maintenance treatment.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Changes in criminal activity, social well-being and family relations in Chinese clients at various intervention periods before and after initiation of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT): (A) rate of arrest by police; (B) rate of drug selling; (C) rate of selling sex for drugs; (D) rate of drug-related crime; (E) employment rate; (F) proportion having good relationship with family; (G) proportion having contact with former drug-user friends on a daily basis.
Figure 2 Changes in criminal activity, social well-being and family relations in Chinese clients at various intervention periods before and after initiation of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT): (A) rate of arrest by police; (B) rate of drug selling; (C) rate of selling sex for drugs; (D) rate of drug-related crime; (E) employment rate; (F) proportion having good relationship with family; (G) proportion having contact with former drug-user friends on a daily basis.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
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Figure 2 Continued.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
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Figure 2 Continued.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
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Figure 2 Continued.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
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Figure 2 Continued.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central

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Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 7

  1. Ball, 1998, HIV prevention among injecting drug users: responses in developing and transitional countries, Public Health Rep, 113, S170
  2. Ttrathdee, 2001, The effectiveness of needle exchange programs: a review of the science and policy, AIDScience, 1, 1
  3. 10.1176/appi.ajp.105.12.909 · DOI
  4. Joseph, 1995, A point in time: the impact of expanded methadone maintenance treatment on citywide crime and public health in New York City 1971–1973, Arch public health, 53, 215
  5. Wu Z . Landmark government methadone maintenance program in mainland China. 15th International AIDS Conference; 2004.
  6. Wu Z . Methadone maintenance program in mainland China: from pilot to scale-up. International Conference on the Reduction of Drug Related Harm; 20–24. 2005.
  7. Chen, 2008, Effectiveness evaluation of six month community-based methadone treatment in Jiangsu Province, Chin J AIDS STD, 14, 590

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Metadata

Authors
Sun, H.-M., Li, X.-Y., Chow, E. P. F., Li, T., Xian, Y., Lu, Y.-H., Tian, T., Zhuang, X., & Zhang, L.
Affiliations
  • Nantong University (CN)
  • Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
  • The Alfred Hospital (AU)
Corresponding author
Zhang, Lei
ORCID
Venue
BMJ Open
Publisher
BMJ
Published
2015-01
Volume
5
Issue
1
Pages
e005997
ISSN
2044-6055 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005997
PMC
PMC4289728
OpenAlex
W2010754558
Cited by
114
References
58
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 3
FWCI
2.16
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
  • BMJ Open (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (81373060)
  • Nantong University
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
Keywords
methadone maintenance treatment, opioid use disorder, drug offenses, arrest rates, drug selling, social functioning, family relationships, social well-being, China, harm reduction, drug users
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, China, Crime, Employment, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Methadone, Middle Aged, Opioid-Related Disorders, Narcotics, Drug Users, Young Adult, Opiate Substitution Treatment, Maintenance Chemotherapy, Social Skills

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