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Cited by 41Family Caregiving in Mental IllnessNursing care and researchSchizophrenia research and treatment

Factor Analyses of the Chinese Zarit Burden Interview among Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia in a Rural Chinese Community

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Tang, Bingwei, Yu, Yu, Liu, Ziwei, Lin, Meijuan, Chen, Yumei, Zhao, Mei, Xiao, Shuiyuan·2017·BMJ Open
DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015621PMC PMC5640094
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the factor structure of the Chinese version of the 22-item Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) among family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in China. METHODS: Using one-stage cluster-sampling design, 324 primary caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in Ningxiang County, Hunan Province, China, completed the Zarit Burden Interview face-to-face. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was first performed based on existing models to check model fit. Owing to an unsatisfactory result of CFA, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was then conducted to explore a new factor structure, and a subsequent CFA was run to examine its model fit. RESULTS: The CFA results showed that none of the existing models fit the data reasonably well. The EFA results suggested five dimensions: negative emotion (10 items), interpersonal relationship (4 items), time demand (3 items), patient's dependence (2 items) and self-accusation and guilt (2 items). The following CFA confirmed the five-factor solution in this study, and the goodness-of-fit for this model fell within the acceptable range. The overall internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.88, and the internal consistency coefficients of individual dimensions were 0.68 to 0.84. CONCLUSION: This study supported a 22-item ZBI scale, with a five-factor structure when applied to Chinese caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.

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  • The Zarit Burden Interview scale has been validated among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in Chinese with a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) of 0.88 [58].

    “The scale has been validated among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in Chinese with a high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) of 0.88 [58].”

    From Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Caregivers of Frail Older Chinese Adults: A Study Protocol (2022) · cites this paper as [58]

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  1. [33]Wu ML Structural equation modeling. China: Chongqing University Press, 2010.

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Authors
Tang, B., Yu, Y., Liu, Z., Lin, M., Chen, Y., Zhao, M., & Xiao, S.
Affiliations
  • Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
  • Central South University (CN)
Corresponding author
Xiao, Shuiyuan
ORCID
Venue
BMJ Open
Publisher
BMJ
Published
2017-09
Volume
7
Issue
9
Pages
e015621
ISSN
2044-6055 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015621
PMC
PMC5640094
OpenAlex
W2760324973
Cited by
41
References
43
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5
FWCI
5.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
  • BMJ Open (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Funders
“CMB-CSU”Collaborative Program for Mental Health Policy Development
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Keywords
Zarit Burden Interview, caregiver burden, schizophrenia, family caregivers, Chinese version, factor structure, psychometric validation, negative emotions, interpersonal relationships, time requirements, patient dependency
MeSH terms
Aged, China, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Rural Population, Schizophrenia, Stress, Psychological, Reproducibility of Results, Caregivers, Cost of Illness

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