Reliability, Validity and Reference Values of the Zarit Burden Interview for Assessing Informal Caregivers of Community-Dwelling Older Persons with Dementia
Abstract
Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) is the most widely used instrument for assessing the burden experienced by the caregivers of persons with dementia. As part of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging, the 22-item ZBI was administered to a representative sample of 312 informal caregivers of community-dwelling subjects with dementia. The mean score was 22.4 out of 88 (sd: 16.2) and the median score was 18.5, which is far lower than those reported in previous studies using this instrument with convenience samples. There was no significant difference in the burden score according to the age, gender, living arrangement, marital status or employment status of the caregiver. The ZBI score was more strongly correlated to the depressive mood of the caregivers (r = 0.59) and the behaviour problems of the care recipients (r = 0.64) than their cognitive (r = 0.32) and functional (r = 0.31) status. Following a factor analysis, a 12-item short version of the instrument is proposed with two factors: personal strain (3 items) and role strain (9 items).
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Every measure had prior statistical validation in adult caregiver samples and showed good internal consistency in earlier trials.
“All measures have been statistically validated in adult caregiving populations and have demonstrated good internal consistency in prior trials (Bond et al., 2011; Grégoire & et al., 2020; Hébert et al., 2000; Kroenke et al., 2001; Schulz et al., 2010; Spitzer et al., 2006; Theut et al., 1991).”
From Feasibility and acceptability of a telephone-based ACT intervention for caregivers (TACTICs) of adults with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD): a randomized pilot during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2025) · cites this paper as Hébert et al., 2000
All outcome measures used in the study have been statistically validated and have demonstrated good internal consistency in prior trials.
“All measures have been statistically validated and have demonstrated good internal consistency in prior trials [31, 42].”
From Feasibility and acceptability of an acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for caregivers of adults with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (2021) · cites this paper as [42]
The ZBI remains one of the most widely validated measures in caregiving research.
“The ZBI remains one of the most widely validated measures in caregiving research (Hébert et al., 2000; Seng et al., 2010).”
From Mindfulness and rumination: stress pathways for caregivers of persons living with dementia. (2026) · cites this paper as Hébert et al., 2000
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“Caregiver burden was measured with the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), which includes 22 items that measure the objec-tive and subjective burden experienced by family caregivers (Bedard et al. 2000; Hébert et al. 2000; Zarit et al. 1985).”
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“The ZBI remains one of the most widely validated measures in caregiving research (H � ebert et al., 2000; Seng et al., 2010).”
- Authors
- Hébert, R., Bravo, G., & Préville, M.
- ORCID
- Bravo, Gina
- Venue
- Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2000
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 494-507
- ISSN
- 0714-9808 (ISSN-L)
- 1710-1107
- OpenAlex
- W2128766444
- Cited by
- 539
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 2.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
- Keywords
- Zarit Burden Interview, caregiver burden, informal caregivers, dementia, community-dwelling older adults, psychometric validation, reference values, caregiver depression, short-form instrument, role strain, personal strain, Canadian Study of Health and Aging
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