Sarcopenia, physical frailty, undernutrition and obesity cooccurrence among Portuguese community-dwelling older adults: results from Nutrition UP 65 cross-sectional study
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the coexistence of sarcopenia, frailty, undernutrition and obesity and to identify the factors associated with the cooccurrence of these conditions in an older population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Portugal. PARTICIPANTS: 1454 older adults with 65 years or older, from Nutrition UP 65 study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Sarcopenia was identified using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 guidelines and physical frailty using Fried phenotype. Mini-Nutritional Assessment-Short Form was used to ascertain undernutrition, and obesity was evaluated by body mass index. RESULTS: 57.3% presented at least one condition, 38.0% were identified with one and 19.3% were identified with two or more conditions. When all preconditions were considered, 95.7% of the older adults presented at least one of these preconditions or conditions. Multinomial logistic regression multivariate analysis revealed that being male (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.88), being married or in a common-law marriage (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.40 to 0.84) and having a higher educational level (OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.73) were inversely associated with having two or more conditions, while age >75 years (OR 1.60; 95% CI 1.14 to 2.24), a poor self-perception of health status (OR 5.61; 95% CI 3.50 to 9.01), ≥5 medications (OR 3.11; 95% CI 1.77 to 5.46) and cognitive impairment (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.37 to 2.48) were directly associated. CONCLUSIONS: Almost three out of five older adults presented at least one of the conditions related to nutritional status, and about one in five had two or more of these occurrences. However, the low coexistence observed between all of these reinforces the need to assess them all individually during the geriatric assessment.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Discrepancies were also found for the association of sex, social status and quality of life with SO development, with some articles detecting higher risk in males or females and in the presence of poor social status, urban area, married individuals, or white collar subgroup.
“Discrepancies were also found for the association of sex, social status and quality of life with SO development as some articles detected a higher risk in males [23,24] or females [25,26] and in the presence of poor social status [18e20,26e29], in people living in urban area [30], married individuals [20] or in white collar subgroup [31].”
From Identification of factors associated with sarcopenic obesity development: Literature review and expert panel voting (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267 · see citing works
Frailty in Older Adults: Evidence for a Phenotype
Fried, L. P., Tangen, C. M., Walston, J., Newman, A. B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., Seeman, T., Tracy, R., Kop, W. J., Burke, G., et al. (2001) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146 · Cited by 24,907 · see citing works
International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity
CRAIG, C. L., MARSHALL, A. L., SJ??STR??M, M., BAUMAN, A. E., BOOTH, M. L., AINSWORTH, B. E., PRATT, M., EKELUND, U., YNGVE, A., SALLIS, J. F., et al. (2003) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000078924.61453.fb · Cited by 21,619 · see citing works
Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis
Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Bahat, G., Bauer, J., Boirie, Y., Bruyère, O., Cederholm, T., Cooper, C., Landi, F., Rolland, Y., Sayer, A. A., et al. (2019) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afy169 · Cited by 13,818 · see citing works
(2000) · PubMed · Cited by 13,173 · see citing works
Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis
Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Baeyens, J. P., Bauer, J. M., Boirie, Y., Cederholm, T., Landi, F., Martin, F. C., Michel, J.-P., Rolland, Y., Schneider, S. M., et al. (2010) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afq034 · Cited by 11,601 · see citing works
ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition
Cederholm, T., Barazzoni, R., Austin, P., Ballmer, P., Biolo, G., Bischoff, S. C., Compher, C., Correia, I., Higashiguchi, T., Holst, M., et al. (2017) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2016.09.004 · Cited by 2,560 · see citing works
Geriatric Syndromes: Clinical, Research, and Policy Implications of a Core Geriatric Concept
Inouye, S. K., Studenski, S. A., Tinetti, M. E., & Kuchel, G. A. (2007) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01156.x · Cited by 1,887 · see citing works
Grip Strength across the Life Course: Normative Data from Twelve British Studies
Dodds, R. M., Syddall, H. E., Cooper, R., Benzeval, M., Deary, I. J., Dennison, E. M., Der, G., Galé, C. R., Inskip, H. M., Jagger, C., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113637 · Cited by 1,244 · see citing works
Clinical assessment Recommendations
Fess, E. E. (1981) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,160 · see citing works
Polypharmacy Among Adults Aged 65 Years and Older in the United States: 1988–2010
Charlesworth, C. J., Smit, E., Lee, D. S. H., Alramadhan, F., & Odden, M. C. (2015) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/glv013 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
Prediction of body weight for the nonambulatory elderly from anthropometry.
Chumlea, W., Guo, S.-M. S., Roche, A. F., & Steinbaugh, M. (1988) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(21)02009-5 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Calf circumference, frailty and physical performance among older adults living in the community
Landi, F., Onder, G., Russo, A., Liperoti, R., Tosato, M., Martone, A. M., Capoluongo, E., & Bernabei, R. (2013) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2013.07.013 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Diagnostic accuracy of body mass index to identify obesity in older adults: NHANES 1999–2004
Batsis, J. A., Mackenzie, T. A., Bartels, S. J., Sahakyan, K. R., Somers, V. K., & Lopez-Jimenez, F. (2016) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.243 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Verlaan, S., Ligthart-Melis, G. C., Wijers, S. L. J., Cederholm, T., Maier, A. B., & de van der Schueren, M. A. E. (2017) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2016.12.074 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Multimorbidity is common to family practice: is it commonly researched?
Fortin, M., Lapointe, L., Hudon, C., & Vanasse, A. (2005) · PubMed Central · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Prevalence of risk of undernutrition is associated with poor health status in older people in the UK
Margetts, B. M., THOMPSON, R. L., Elia, M., & Jackson, A. A. (2003) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601499 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Obesity and Physical Frailty in Older Adults: A Scoping Review of Lifestyle Intervention Trials
Starr, K. N. P., McDonald, S. R., & Bales, C. W. (2014) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2013.11.008 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Prevalence and overlap of sarcopenia, frailty, cachexia and malnutrition in older medical inpatients
Gingrich, A., Volkert, D., Kiesswetter, E., Thomanek, M., Bach, S., Sieber, C., & Zopf, Y. (2019) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-019-1115-1 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Weight loss in obese adults 65years and older: A review of the controversy
Waters, D. L., Ward, A. L., & Villareal, D. T. (2013) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2013.02.005 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Martin, L., Gioulbasanis, I., Sénesse, P., & Baracos, V. E. (2019) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpen.1597 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Davies, B., García‐García, F. J., Ara, I., Rodríguez‐Artalejo, F., Rodríguez‐Mañas, L., & Walter, S. (2017) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2017.09.014 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Lee, Y., Kim, J., Han, E. S., Ryu, M., Cho, Y., & Chae, S. (2014) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000362330 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Common Ground? The Concordance of Sarcopenia and Frailty Definitions
Reijnierse, E. M., Trappenburg, M. C., Blauw, G. J., Verlaan, S., de van der Schueren, M. A. E., Meskers, C. G. M., & Maier, A. B. (2016) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2016.01.013 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Gentile, S., Lacroix, O., Durand, A. C., et al. (2012) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-012-0398-0 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Hand length as an alternative measurement of height
Guerra, R. S., Fonseca, I. M., Pichel, F., Restivo, M. T., & do Amaral, T. F. (2013) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.220 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The association between 25(OH)D levels, frailty status and obesity indices in older adults
Sousa‐Santos, A. R., Afonso, C., Santos, A., Borges, N., Moreira, P. A. M., Padrão, P., Fonseca, I. M., & do Amaral, T. F. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198650 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationFactors associated with sarcopenia and undernutrition in older adults
Sousa‐Santos, A. R., Afonso, C., Borges, N., Santos, A., Padrão, P., Moreira, P. A. M., & do Amaral, T. F. (2019) · Nutrition & Dietetics · doi:10.1111/1747-0080.12542 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationWeakness: The most frequent criterion among pre-frail and frail older Portuguese
Sousa‐Santos, A. R., Afonso, C., Moreira, P. A. M., et al. (2017) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2017.10.018 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationNutritional Strategies Facing an Older Demographic: The Nutrition UP 65 Study Protocol
do Amaral, T. F., Santos, A., Guerra, R. S., Sousa, A. S., Álvares, L., Valdiviesso, R., Afonso, C., Padrão, P., Martins, C., Ferro, G., et al. (2016) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.6037 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationTestes de rastreio de defeito cognitivo e demência: Uma perspectiva prática
de Linguagem, I. A. L. D. E., & Guerreiro, M. (2010) · Revista Portuguesa de Clínica Geral · doi:10.32385/rpmgf.v26i1.10711 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Sarcopenia and Undernutrition Among Portuguese Older Adults: Results From Nutrition UP 65 Study
Sousa‐Santos, A. R., Afonso, C., Borges, N., Santos, A., Padrão, P., Moreira, P. A. M., & do Amaral, T. F. (2018) · Food and Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0379572118765801 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pinel, A., Guillet, C., Capel, F., Pouget, M., De Antonio, M., Pereira, B., Topinkova, E., Eglseer, D., Barazzoni, R., Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., et al. (2024) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2024.04.033 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sousa-Santos, A. R., Afonso, C., Borges, N., Santos, A., Padrão, P., Moreira, P., & F Amaral, T.
- Affiliations
- FCNAUP - Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Santos, Alejandro
- ORCID
- Venue
- BMJ Open
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2020-06
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e033661
- ISSN
- 2044-6055 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7305469
- OpenAlex
- W3034610675
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 2.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMJ Open (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Universidade do Porto
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/138362/2018)
- EEA Grants
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Keywords
- sarcopenia, physical frailty, malnutrition, obesity, multimorbidity, older adults, nutritional status, geriatric assessment, cognitive impairment, polypharmacy, self-rated health, educational attainment, marital status, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Frailty, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Obesity, Phenotype, Portugal, Geriatric Assessment, Nutrition Assessment, Comorbidity, Sarcopenia, Independent Living
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
