The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
. Care left undone during nursing shifts: associations with workload and perceived quality of care.
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: There is strong evidence to show that lower nurse staffing levels in hospitals are associated with worse patient outcomes. One hypothesised mechanism is the omission of necessary nursing care caused by time pressure-'missed care'. AIM: To examine the nature and prevalence of care left undone by nurses in English National Health Service hospitals and to assess whether the number of missed care episodes is associated with nurse staffing levels and nurse ratings of the quality of nursing care and patient safety environment. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey of 2917 registered nurses working in 401 general medical/surgical wards in 46 general acute National Health Service hospitals in England. RESULTS: Most nurses (86%) reported that one or more care activity had been left undone due to lack of time on their last shift. Most frequently left undone were: comforting or talking with patients (66%), educating patients (52%) and developing/updating nursing care plans (47%). The number of patients per registered nurse was significantly associated with the incidence of 'missed care' (p<0.001). A mean of 7.8 activities per shift were left undone on wards that are rated as 'failing' on patient safety, compared with 2.4 where patient safety was rated as 'excellent' (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Nurses working in English hospitals report that care is frequently left undone. Care not being delivered may be the reason low nurse staffing levels adversely affects quality and safety. Hospitals could use a nurse-rated assessment of 'missed care' as an early warning measure to identify wards with inadequate nurse staffing.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This measure has been validated by associations with hospitallevel mortality, patient satisfaction, and care processes. 27”
From Nurses’ Shift Length and Overtime Working in 12 European Countries: The Association With Perceived Quality of Care and Patient Safety (2014) · cites this paper as [27]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hospital Nurse Staffing and Patient Mortality, Nurse Burnout, and Job Dissatisfaction
Aiken, L. H. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.16.1987 · Cited by 5,226
Development of the practice environment scale of the nursing work index†‡
Lake, E. T. (2002) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.10032 · Cited by 1,769 · cited 10×
“The average (mean) number of patients The practice environment (PES-28) was also significantly associated with missed care.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Association of Registered Nurse Staffing Levels and Patient Outcomes
Kane, R. L., Shamliyan, T., Mueller, C., Duval, S., & Wilt, T. J. (2007) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0b013e3181468ca3 · Cited by 1,135 · cited 1×
“7 For example, in intensive care units (ICUs) higher RN staffing was associated with lower levels of hospital related mortality; each additional full time equivalent RN per patient day corresponds to a 9% reduction in odds of death in ICUs (ORs, 0.91; 95% CI 0.86 to 0.96), which would save 5 lives…”
BackgroundInfluentialNurse Staffing and Inpatient Hospital Mortality
Needleman, J., Buerhaus, P., Pankratz, V. S., Leibson, C. L., Stevens, S. R., & Harris, M. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa1001025 · Cited by 942 · cited 1×
“13 In the USA, Needleman et al 14 used a retrospective observational study to analyse 176 000 shifts.”
BackgroundEffects of Hospital Care Environment on Patient Mortality and Nurse Outcomes
Aiken, L. H., Clarke, S. P., Sloane, D. M., Lake, E. T., & Cheney, T. (2008) · JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration · doi:10.1097/01.nna.0000312773.42352.d7 · Cited by 860 · cited 1×
“21 A failure to properly observe and respond to patient deterioration is also identified as being part of the causal pathway in the association between low staffing and death from treatable complications (often referred to as ‘ failure to rescue ’ ), although the staffing outcome relationship here…”
BackgroundEffects of Hospital Care Environment on Patient Mortality and Nurse Outcomes
Aiken, L. H., Clarke, S. P., Sloane, D. M., Lake, E. T., & Cheney, T. (2009) · JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration · doi:10.1097/nna.0b013e3181aeb4cf · Cited by 799
Rafferty, A. M., Clarke, S. P., Coles, J., Ball, J., James, P., McKee, M., & Aiken, L. H. (2006) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.08.003 · Cited by 522 · cited 1×
“12 Other research shows that in some cases variation in staffing levels and patient outcomes within hospitals is greater than that between hospitals, which can mask the effect of any relationship between nurse staffing and patient outcomes.”
BackgroundImportance of work environments on hospital outcomes in nine countries
Aiken, L. H., Sloane, D. M., Clarke, S. P., Poghosyan, L., Cho, E., You, L., Finlayson, C. M., Kanai‐Pak, M., & Aungsuroch, Y. (2011) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzr022 · Cited by 465
Schubert, M., Glass, T. R., Clarke, S. P., Aiken, L. H., Schaffert-Witvliet, B., Sloane, D. M., & Geest, S. D. (2008) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzn017 · Cited by 407 · cited 1×
“29 These were: ▸ adequate patient surveillance ▸ adequate documentation of nursing care ▸ administering medication on time ▸ comfort/talk with patients ▸ develop or update nursing care plans/care pathways ▸ educating patients and/or family ▸ frequent changing of patient ’ s position ▸ oral hygiene…”
BackgroundNurse forecasting in Europe (RN4CAST): Rationale, design and methodology
Sermeus, W., Aiken, L. H., den Heede, K. V., Rafferty, A. M., Griffiths, P., Moreno‐Casbas, T., Busse, R., Lindqvist, R., Scott, P. A., Bruyneel, L., et al. (2011) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/1472-6955-10-6 · Cited by 399
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Hendrich, 2008, Maximising the impact of nursing quality: a closer look at the hospital work environment and the nurse's impact on patient-care quality, Healthc Leadersh White Paper Ser, 4, 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 666
Zhao, R., Wang, W., Zhang, J., Li, M., Nicholas, S., Maitland, E., Yang, H., & Mitchell, R. J. (2024) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1155/2024/2770347 · Cited by 6
“Based on the previous research studies [26], the quality of care reported by nurses was assessed using the question provided in Table 2.”
Nordaunet, O. M., Gjevjon, E. R., Aagaard, H., Olsson, C., & Borglin, G. (2025) · International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances · doi:10.1016/j.ijnsa.2025.100346 · Cited by 6
“…on the framework is important, as unmet nursing care and failure to maintain are recognised as global challenges (Bail and Grealish, 2016; Chiappinotto et al., 2022), with fundamental care often delayed, partially completed, or omitted altogether (Bail and Grealish, 2016; Ball et al., 2014, 2018).”
Peterson, H., Uibu, E., & Kangasniemi, M. K. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/scs.12987 · Cited by 6
D’Souza, S., Hersh, D., Godecke, E., Ciccone, N., Janssen, H., & Armstrong, E. (2021) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2021.1965226 · Cited by 6
Coincidence Analysis: A Novel Approach to Modeling Nurses' Workplace Experience
Womack, D. M., Miech, E. J., Fox, N. J., Silvey, L. C., Somerville, A. M., Eldredge, D. H., & Steege, L. M. B. (2022) · Applied Clinical Informatics · doi:10.1055/s-0042-1756368 · Cited by 6
Bianchi, M., Bagnasco, A., Ghirotto, L., Aleo, G., Catania, G., Zanini, M., Carnevale, F., & Sasso, L. (2019) · SAGE Open Nursing · doi:10.1177/2377960819835735 · Cited by 7
Lawler, J., Leary, A., Lofton, L., & Bushe, D. (2020) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.13022 · Cited by 6
Analysing the implementation and effects of safe staffing policies in acute hospitals
Ball, J. (2020) · Nursing Management · doi:10.7748/nm.2020.e1904 · Cited by 6
Cheevers, K., Armes, J., Harris, J., & Rafferty, A. M. (2020) · European Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2020.101794 · Cited by 6
Tan, D., Wiseman, T., Betihavas, V., & Rolls, K. (2020) · Australian Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.aucc.2020.08.004 · Cited by 6
Arabic version of the Missed Nursing Care Survey: Validity and reliability
Alfuqaha, O. A., Alhalaiqa, F., Ayed, A., & Alqurneh, M. K. (2022) · International Journal of Nursing Practice · doi:10.1111/ijn.13074 · Cited by 6
Samuriwo, R., & Hannigan, B. (2019) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.2019.1706702 · Cited by 7
Holliday, E. L. (2021) · Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play · doi:10.1145/3450337.3483511 · Cited by 6
“Regarding game development changes, ideally the game would more accurately represent nursing activities such as the 13 care activities defined by Jane Ball et al [3] to add complexity, nuance, and realism to the game.”
BackgroundMultilevel moderated mediation model with ordinal outcome
Rusá, Š., Komárek, A., Lesaffre, E. M. E. H., & Bruyneel, L. (2018) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.7605 · Cited by 6
The Emotional Labour of Nursing
Sawbridge, Y. (2017) · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-44370-0_9 · Cited by 6
Systemic Pressures and Nurse Decision‐Making in ICU Missed Nursing Care: A Meta‐Synthesis
Fan, Y., Zhao, M., Feng, B., & Huang, P. (2026) · Nursing in Critical Care · doi:10.1111/nicc.70349 · Cited by 5
A cross-sectional study of ‘care left undone’ on nursing shifts in hospitals1)
van Oostveen, C., & Vermeulen, H. (2016) · Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Evidence Based Practice · doi:10.1007/s12468-016-0049-2 · Cited by 5
Determining the Misscare Needs of Patients in the Postoperative Period
Yayla, A. Ç., Eskici, V., Özlü, Z. K., Kılınç, T., & Yılmaz, B. (2023) · Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Dergisi · doi:10.54304/shyd.2023.67944 · Cited by 5
Patient experience and nurse staffing level in South Korea
Song, Y., & Kyung, Y. (2024) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzae038 · Cited by 5
Yıldız, C. Ç., Öz, S. D., Kuşaklı, B. Y., & Korkmaz, İ. (2024) · Journal of Patient Safety · doi:10.1097/pts.0000000000001266 · Cited by 5
Al‐ghraiybah, T., Lago, L., Fernandez, R. S., Molloy, L., & Sim, J. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.17618 · Cited by 6
The Association Between Quality and Safety of Nursing Care: A Correlational Study
Bartoníčková, D., Kohanová, D., Mazalová, L., Holušová, L., Lorencová, N., Fišerová, A., & Greaves, P. J. (2025) · Journal of Nursing Care Quality · doi:10.1097/ncq.0000000000000847 · Cited by 5
Nurses' heart failure discharge planning part II: Implications for the hospital system
Davisson, E., & Swanson, E. A. (2020) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2020.151336 · Cited by 6
Missed care in community and primary care
Senek, M., Robertson, S., Ryan, T., Tod, A., King, R., Wood, E., & Taylor, B. H. (2021) · Primary Health Care · doi:10.7748/phc.2021.e1692 · Cited by 5
Eklom, B., Tracy, S., & Callander, E. J. (2021) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-021-04181-x · Cited by 5
“These terms are sometimes seen as synonymous with cost-cutting, and those on the frontline of delivering care may feel that the terms are used as a means of facilitating the reduction of resources with little concern for how that effects the quality of care [3, 4].”
BackgroundKassie, S. Y., Demsash, A. W., Chereka, A. A., & Damtie, Y. (2023) · Informatics in Medicine Unlocked · doi:10.1016/j.imu.2023.101237 · Cited by 5
Informed Strangers: Witnessing and Responding to Unethical Care as Student Nurses
Engel, J., Salfi, J., Micsinszki, S. K., & Bodnar, A. (2017) · Global Qualitative Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/2333393617730208 · Cited by 5
Dejavniki neizvedene zdravstvene nege
Bahun, M., & Skela‐Savič, B. (2021) · Slovenian Nursing Review · doi:10.14528/snr.2021.55.1.3061 · Cited by 5
Møller, N., Berthelsen, C. B., & Hølge‐Hazelton, B. (2021) · Journal of Managerial Psychology · doi:10.1108/jmp-02-2021-0107 · Cited by 5
Kortje, J.-R. (2016) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 5
Supporting Individualised Nursing Care by Leadership
Suhonen, R., Stolt, M., & Charalambous, A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-89899-5_18 · Cited by 5
Nurse Practice Environment and Quality of Care in a Multigenerational Workforce
Ferrer, D. V. –., & Conde, A. R. (2016) · GSTF Journal of Nursing and Health Care · doi:10.7603/s40743-015-0027-1 · Cited by 5
“A higher level of work satisfaction is perceived in an environment with lower workloads where nurses can function at the highest scope of clinical practice [49].”
BackgroundNurse patient ratios, skill mix and work futures
Griffiths, P. (2013) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.11.007 · Cited by 5
Editorial: The anxiety of caring and the devaluing of nursing
Allan, H. T. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.13380 · Cited by 5
McCallum, L., Rattray, J. E., Pollard, B., Miller, J., Hull, A. M., Ramsay, P., Salisbury, L., Scott, T., Cole, S., & Dixon, D. L. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.11.16.22282346 · Cited by 5
Moisoglou, I., Katsiroumpa, A., Papathanasiou, I. V., Konstantakopoulou, O., Yfantis, A., Katsapi, A., & Galanis, P. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14040450 · Cited by 5
“…and supporting their spiritual, cultural, religious, and sexual identity; supporting patients in making informed choices; effective pain management; adequate patient monitoring/surveillance; educating patients and/or family members; and preparing patients and families for discharge [23,24].”
Vanbelleghem, S., Regge, M. D., Nieuwenhove, Y. V., & Gemmel, P. (2022) · Quality Management in Health Care · doi:10.1097/qmh.0000000000000385 · Cited by 4
Gawronski, O., Parshuram, C. S., Cecchetti, C., Tiozzo, E., Szadkowski, L., Atti, M. L. C. D., Dryden‐Palmer, K., Dall’Oglio, I., Raponi, M., Joffe, A. R., et al. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081645 · Cited by 4
Detection of Surgical Instruments Based on Synthetic Training Data
Wiese, L., Hinz, L., Reithmeier, E., Korn, P., & Neuhaus, M. (2025) · Computers · doi:10.3390/computers14020069 · Cited by 4
Muñoz, M. M., Barba-Flores, M. A., Escobedo, D. A., Duelt, I. J. B., Branchadell, S. L., Rubio‐Garrido, P., Osorio, D., & Zuriguel‐Pérez, E. (2025) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1155/jonm/8894266 · Cited by 4
“However, reducing the number of nurses during night shifts could increase patient vulnerability regarding safety issues [28, 29].”
A real-time Excel-based scheduling solution for nursing staff reallocation
Tuominen, O. A., Lundgrén‐Laine, H., Kauppila, W., Hupli, M., & Salanterä, S. (2016) · Nursing Management · doi:10.7748/nm.2016.e1516 · Cited by 4
“Focusing on short-term scheduling is vital because understaffing interferes with patient care and has a negative effect on care outcomes (Aiken et al 2014, Ball et al 2014, Clark et al 2015).”
BackgroundSistematização de um instrumento de classificação de pacientes em um hospital universitário
Macedo, A. B. T., de Souza, S. B. C., Funcke, L. B., de Magalhães, A. M. M., & Riboldi, C. D. O. (2018) · Reme Revista Mineira de Enfermagem · doi:10.5935/1415-2762.20180073 · Cited by 4
Nursing work environment and unfinished nursing care in hospital settings - a scoping review
Gurková, E., Bartoníčková, D., & Mikšová, Z. (2021) · Central European Journal of Nursing and Midwifery · doi:10.15452/cejnm.2021.12.0015 · Cited by 4
“The majority of studies included representative hospital and nurse samples (mainly studies which were conducted according to the RN4CAST protocol – Aiken et al., 2018; Ausserhofer et al., 2014; Ball et al., 2014, 2016; Schubert et al., 2013).”
BackgroundMethodTidspress blant sykepleiere kan påvirke kvalitet og pasientsikkerhet: en systematisk review
Lied, I. B., Lindgren, M. L., & Helberget, L. K. (2021) · Klinisk Sygepleje · doi:10.18261/issn.1903-2285-2021-03-05 · Cited by 4
Thekkan, K. R., Genna, C., Ferro, F., Cecchetti, C., Dall’Oglio, I., Tiozzo, E., Raponi, M., Gawronski, O., Querciati, A., Ciaralli, I., et al. (2023) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2023.10.041 · Cited by 4
RESOURCES FOR PREVENTING PRESSURE INJURIES: METHODOLOGICAL STUDY TO DEVELOP AND VALIDATE A SCALE*
Tonole, R., Brandão, E. D. S., Lanzillotti, R. S., & Cavalcanti, A. C. D. (2023) · Cogitare Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/ce.v28i0.93116 · Cited by 4
“Faced with this reality, it is common for nurses and staff to complain about the lack of an adequate structure to carry out preventive actions effectively and individually 6 .”
BackgroundMiedaner, F., Kuntz, L., Eilermann, K., Roth, B., & Scholtes, S. (2024) · Manufacturing & Service Operations Management · doi:10.1287/msom.2022.0021 · Cited by 4
COPD lifestyle support through self-management (CALS)
Beattie, M. P., Zheng, H., Nugent, C., & McCullagh, P. J. (2014) · IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM) · doi:10.1109/bibm.2014.6999281 · Cited by 4
“An increase in those affected by a chronic condition will add significant strain to already stretched national Health Services which are expected to perform to the current high standards year on year while also reducing costs [2].”
BackgroundRN4Cast Study in Portugal: Nurses and care left undone
Braga, M. C., de Jesus, E. H., & Araújo, B. (2018) · Journal of Hospital Administration · doi:10.5430/jha.v7n2p58 · Cited by 4
“[3] The activities left undone by nurses are listed by several authors: the two activities most frequently overlooked are “Psychosocial care” and “Paperwork related to care”,[3] but this group also includes “Comfort patient” and “Educating patient”.[2] On the other hand, activities related to “Physical care” and “Moni…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialNikitara, M., Constantinou, C. S., Andreou, E. P., Latzourakis, E., & Diomidous, M. (2020) · Nursing Open · doi:10.1002/nop2.699 · Cited by 4
Pro‐judge study: Nurses’ professional judgement in nurse staffing systems
Jacob, N., Burton, C. R., Hale, R., Jones, A., Lloyd, A., Rafferty, A. M., & Allen, D. A. (2021) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.14921 · Cited by 4
Amaliyah, E., & Sansuwito, T. B. (2022) · KnE Life Sciences · doi:10.18502/kls.v7i2.10301 · Cited by 4
Studying Missed Care: Designs, Instruments, and Reporting Guidelines
Palese, A., Simon, M., & Sermeus, W. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71073-6_4 · Cited by 4
Romig, M. C., Carolan, H. T., Ravitz, A., Schell-Chaple, H. M., Yoon, E., Dwyer, C., Thornton, K. C., Gropper, M. A., Pronovost, P. J., & Sapirstein, A. (2018) · Health Informatics Journal · doi:10.1177/1460458218796638 · Cited by 4
Sweetmore, V. (2026) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2026.105372 · Cited by 3
Westbrook, J. I., McMullan, R. D., Fitzpatrick, E., Merchant, A., Wiggins, M. W., Aryal, N. R., Raban, M. Z., Gardo, A., Lapointe, C., Williams, P., et al. (2026) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2025-019743 · Cited by 3
“32 The volume of tasks left undone has been shown in several studies to be significantly associated with poorer patient outcomes including mortality rates.”
The Relation between Work Involvement and the Quality of Nursing Care among Staff Nurses
Mahmoud, M., Ahmed, E., & Hasanin, A. G. (2023) · Sohag Journal of Nursing Science · doi:10.21608/sjns.2023.215832.1014 · Cited by 3
Dello, S., Bruyneel, L., Kohnen, D., Witte, H. D., Schaufeli, W. B., McHugh, M. D., Aiken, L. H., & Sermeus, W. (2023) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2023.10.021 · Cited by 3
The relation of clinical governance climate on quality of care mediated by patient safety culture
Fitriani, R., Antonio, F., & Wuisan, D. S. S. (2024) · International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) · doi:10.11591/ijphs.v13i2.23806 · Cited by 3
Yurek, L. A., Havens, D. S., Hays, S., & Hughes, L. (2015) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.21668 · Cited by 3
An Omission Error: Missed Nursing Care
Eskici, G. T., & Baykal, Ü. (2021) · Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Dergisi · doi:10.5222/shyd.2021.28190 · Cited by 3
Evidências de omissões de cuidados de enfermagem e suas razões: revisão integrativa
Araújo, P. R. S., Rodrigues, M. C. S., & Santos, A. C. S. (2022) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v11i11.33632 · Cited by 3
Wang, W., Zhang, J., Nicholas, S., Yang, H., & Maitland, E. (2023) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1111/tmi.13861 · Cited by 3
“Based on previous research [7, 17, 18], nurse-reported quality of care was measured by the quality question, “How do you rate the quality of care (adherence to clinical practice guidelines) that you provide?” using a 4-point scale (1 = not good, 2 = moderate, 3 = good, 4 = excellent) and the patient safety question, “…”
MethodYürümezoğlu, H. A., Schubert, M., Sarıoğlu, E., & Kocaman, G. (2023) · Journal of research in nursing · doi:10.1177/17449871231175788 · Cited by 3
Evaluation der Pflegebedingungen auf Intensivstationen
Isfort, M. (2018) · PRO CARE · doi:10.1007/s00735-018-0860-2 · Cited by 3
Correlates of Missed Nursing Care in Selected Medical Intensive Care Units, Egypt
Elrehem, M. A. E. A., Fattah, M. E. H. A. E., & Seloma, Y. A. E. S. (2014) · Journal of Biology Agriculture and Healthcare · Cited by 3
Research into nurse staffing levels in Wales
Jones, A., Powell, T., Vougioukalou, S. A., Lynch, M., & Kelly, D. M. (2015) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) · Cited by 3
“What a nurse suffers”: Care left undone in seventeenth‐century Madrid
Langtree, T., Birks, M., & Biedermann, N. (2019) · Nursing Philosophy · doi:10.1111/nup.12274 · Cited by 3
Han, S., Cheng, J.-L., Wang, Y. P., Chen, Q., & Xu, Z.-Y. (2020) · Frontiers of Nursing · doi:10.2478/fon-2020-0010 · Cited by 3
Albelbeisi, A. H., Shaqfa, K. M., General Directorate of Nursing, P. M. O. H., Aiash, H. S., Planning and Quality Control Unit, P. M. O. H., Kishta, W. A., & Alreqeb, E. I. (2021) · Austin Journal of Nursing & Health Care · doi:10.26420/austinjnurshealthcare.2021.1062 · Cited by 3
Saville, C. E., Dall’Ora, C., & Griffiths, P. (2020) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103702 · Cited by 3
Missed Care and Nurses' Job Satisfaction
Mandal, L., & Seethalakshmi, A. (2021) · Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University · doi:10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_130_19 · Cited by 3
Ceeing compassion in care: more than 'Six C'S'?
Pattison, S., & Samuriwo, R. (2016) · Nursing Philosophy · doi:10.1111/nup.12110 · Cited by 3
“…as a state of mind and actions that show compassion is important, but it can be challenging in health care as there are a myriad of contextual and organization factors that impact on the quality of care such as staffing levels (Ausserhofer et al., 2013; Aiken et al., 2014; Ball et al., 2014).”
BackgroundWorkload in Nursing: A Descriptive Study Using Cognitive Work Analysis
Umansky, J. (2015) · RIT Scholar Works (Rochester Institute of Technology) · Cited by 3
Nursing must acknowledge and address systemic problems which lead to poor care
Norman, I. J., & Griffiths, P. (2018) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.12.003 · Cited by 3
Accepting Robots as Assistants: A Social, Personal, and Principled Matter
Turja, T. (2019) · Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University) · Cited by 3
9. Helse- og omsorgspersonells erfaringer med travelhet
Solvoll, B.-A. R., & Ingstad, K. (2021) · doi:10.18261/9788215042985-2021-09 · Cited by 3
Kassie, H., Endalkachew, K., & Kassahun, C. W. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2362996/v1 · Cited by 3
Greaney, A. (2014) · Dublin City University Open Access Institutional Repository (Dublin City University) · Cited by 3
The Automated Heart: Digital Domesticity and Emotional Labour Saving
Hester, H. (2024) · New Vistas · doi:10.36828/newvistas.261 · Cited by 2
Seo, W., Li, J., Zhang, Z., Zheng, C., Singh, H., Pasupathy, K. S., Mahajan, P., & Park, S. Y. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/68891 · Cited by 2
“With the high volume of patients and staff shortages [7], health care providers in the ED face significant challenges in their workflow [3,8].”
Grønning, K., Olsen, M. M., & André, B. (2025) · SAGE Open Nursing · doi:10.1177/23779608251332742 · Cited by 2
“Numerous studies have identi fi ed the primary causes of missed nursing care as staffing shortages (Ball et al., 2014; Chaboyer et al., 2021; Danielis et al., 2021), inadequate material resources, poor communication (Chaboyer et al., 2021; Dutra & Guirardello, 2021; Saqer & AbuAlRub, 2018),…”
Surgical Nurses' Perspectives on Low‐Value Care and Non‐Nursing Tasks: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Ooijen, W. B., Roosen, C., de Jong, D., de Reuver, P. R., van Goor, H., Vermeulen, H., & Waal, G. H. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.70094 · Cited by 2
“The multiple-choice questions and accompanying response options were based on relevant literature, for example regarding non-nursing tasks (Grosso et al. 2019) and care left undone (Ball et al. 2014; Longhini et al. 2021).”
The Impact of the Work Environment on Patients, Families, and Care Delivery in Critical Care
Halm, M. A. (2025) · Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.cnc.2025.07.001 · Cited by 2
Decoding missed nursing care: the power of metaphorical analysis
Saatçi, G., & Korhan, E. A. (2025) · Journal of research in nursing · doi:10.1177/17449871251380437 · Cited by 2
“Furthermore, research by Ball et al. (2014) and Schubert et al. (2012) establishes a strong link between inadequate nurse staffing levels and the increased likelihood of missed care, thereby underscoring the systemic factors contributing to this issue.”
Foglia, E., Ferrario, L. B., & Garagiola, E. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-35681-5 · Cited by 3
Vink, P., Torensma, B., Lucas, C., Hollmann, M. W., van Schaik, I. N., & Vermeulen, H. (2019) · BMJ Open Quality · doi:10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000447 · Cited by 2
“nursing shifts, which show that pain management and treatment are least likely to be reported as missed.(26) 27”
BackgroundShepherd, J., Waller, A. E., Chan, S. W., Kim, M., Kang, S. J., Chan, C., Chow, M. C. M., Clapham, M., & Sanson‐Fisher, R. (2021) · Collegian Journal of the Royal College of Nursing Australia · doi:10.1016/j.colegn.2021.04.001 · Cited by 2
Patient Safety in Nurse Education
Kirwan, M., & Riklikienė, O. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71073-6_8 · Cited by 2
Missed nursing care: a snapshot case study in a medical ward in Australia
Albsoul, R. A., FitzGerald, G., & Alshyyab, M. A. (2022) · British Journal of Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjon.2022.31.13.710 · Cited by 2
van Nieuwkerk, J. L., van der Linden, C., Verheul, R. J., van Loon, M., Janmaat, M., & van der Linden, N. (2023) · World Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2023.054 · Cited by 2
Caring Knowledge as a Strategy to Mitigate Violence against Nurses: A Discussion Paper
Brune, S., Killam, L. A., & Plazas, P. C. (2023) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2023.2205502 · Cited by 2
Yoon, Y. S., Ji, Y., & Lee, T. W. (2023) · Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration · doi:10.11111/jkana.2023.29.4.397 · Cited by 2
Citation Network Analysis of Nurse Staffing Research from the Past Two Decades: 2000–2022
Morioka, N., Ochi, M., Okubo, S., Moriwaki, M., Hayashida, K., Sakata, I., & Kashiwagi, M. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11233050 · Cited by 2
Latzourakis, E., Angelides, P., Diomidous, M., Nikitara, M., & Constantinou, C. S. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13131601 · Cited by 2
“According to Ball et al. [104], due to inadequate staffing levels, the most frequently neglected tasks nurses reported were communicating with patients and educating them.”
Stressa sykepleiere i kommunene
Nydal, I., Åsmo, K., Dybvik, T. K., & Torheim, H. I. (2016) · Sykepleien Forskning · doi:10.4220/sykepleiens.2016.56777 · Cited by 2
Research Ethical Reflections in Researching Missed Nursing Care
Halvorsen, K., Harvey, C. L., de Ruiter, H., & Jerpseth, H. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71073-6_6 · Cited by 2
Introduction: The Context of Compassion
Hewison, A., & Sawbridge, Y. (2017) · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-44370-0_1 · Cited by 2
Providing timely quality care after-hours: Perceptions of a hospital model of care
Fossum, M., Hewitt, N. A., Weir‐Phyland, J., Keogh, M. J., Stuart, J., Fallon, K., & Bucknall, T. K. (2018) · Collegian Journal of the Royal College of Nursing Australia · doi:10.1016/j.colegn.2018.02.004 · Cited by 2
Hubungan Pengalaman, Beban Kerja, Dan Kemampuan Perawat Dengan Tindakan Mandiri Di Rumah Sakit
Tuasikal, H. (2020) · JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE · doi:10.33143/jhtm.v6i1.752 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Ball, J. E., Murrells, T., Rafferty, A. M., Morrow, E., & Griffiths, P.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- University of Southampton (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Ball, Jane E
- Venue
- BMJ Quality & Safety
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2013-07-29
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 116-125
- ISSN
- 1475-3898 (ISSN-L)
- 2044-5415
- 2044-5423
- PMC
- PMC3913111
- OpenAlex
- W2147808390
- Cited by
- 666
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 64 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 121.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- BMJ Quality & Safety (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- King's College London
- European Commission
- Menzies Centre for Australian Studies, King's College London, University of London
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Nursing education and management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Patient Safety and Medication Errors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Leadership and Management › Hospital Admissions and Outcomes
- Keywords
- missed nursing care, nurse staffing, nursing workload, time pressure, nursing care quality, patient education, nursing care plan, patient comfort, early warning indicators, hospital wards
- MeSH terms
- Continuity of Patient Care, England, Humans, National Health Programs, Nurse-Patient Relations, Nursing Staff, Hospital, Patient Care Planning, Patient Education as Topic, Quality of Health Care, Work Schedule Tolerance, Workload, Medical Errors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
