Cited by 515Meta-analysis and systematic reviewsStatistical Methods in EpidemiologyClinical practice guidelines implementation

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Guidelines for reporting meta-epidemiological methodology research

Open access

Murad, Mohammad Hassan, Wang, Zhen·2017·Evidence Based Medicine

DOI 10.1136/ebmed-2017-110713PMC PMC5537553

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Abstract

Published research should be reported to evidence users with clarity and transparency that facilitate optimal appraisal and use of evidence and allow replication by other researchers. Guidelines for such reporting are available for several types of studies but not for meta-epidemiological methodology studies. Meta-epidemiological studies adopt a systematic review or meta-analysis approach to examine the impact of certain characteristics of clinical studies on the observed effect and provide empirical evidence for hypothesised associations. The unit of analysis in meta-epidemiological studies is a study, not a patient. The outcomes of meta-epidemiological studies are usually not clinical outcomes. In this guideline, we adapt items from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) to fit the context of meta-epidemiological studies.

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The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100 · Cited by 28,164 · cited 1×
“6–8 In this guide, we adapt the items used in the PRISMA statement 9 for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analysis to fit the setting of meta-epidemiological studies.”
Method
Evaluation of the endorsement of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement on the quality of published systematic review and meta-analyses
Panic, N., Leoncini, E., de Belvis, G., Ricciardi, W., & Boccia, S. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083138 · Cited by 883 · cited 1×
“Evaluation of the instructions given to authors shows that PRISMA guidance was referenced only in 13% of gastroenterology and hepatology journals.(20) Here, we have proposed a reporting guideline to be used when publishing meta-epidemiological research.”
Method
Enhancing the quality and transparency of health research
Groves, T. (2008) · British medical journal · doi:10.1136/bmj.a718 · Cited by 727
Rating the certainty in evidence in the absence of a single estimate of effect
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“Investigators should, however, inform readers of their certainty in the results, even if this was determined narratively 16 because formal approaches 15 are intended to rate the certainty of evidence about interventions.”
Background
Influence of reported study design characteristics on intervention effect estimates from randomised controlled trials: combined analysis of meta-epidemiological studies
Savović, J., Jones, H., Altman, D., Harris, R., Jűni, P., Pildal, J., Als-Nielsen, B., Balk, E., Gluud, C., Gluud, L., et al. (2012) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta16350 · Cited by 668
Bias due to lack of patient blinding in clinical trials. A systematic review of trials randomizing patients to blind and nonblind sub-studies
Hróbjartsson, A., Emanuelsson, F., Skou Thomsen, A. S., Hilden, J., & Brorson, S. (2014) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyu115 · Cited by 462 · cited 1×
“41) compared with blinded trials.(11) A third example is a study that explored the effect of trials stopped early for benefit on future research.”
Background
How to Read a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis and Apply the Results to Patient Care: Users’ Guides to the Medical Literature
Murad, M. H., Montori, V. M., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Jaeschke, R., Devereaux, P. J., Prasad, K., Neumann, I., Carrasco-Labra, A., Agoritsas, T., Hatala, R., et al. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.5559 · Cited by 454 · cited 2×
“The quality of evidence is a highly important step in a systematic review reporting on a treatment effect 15 and is critical for decision making but also may not be relevant to a meta-epidemiological study.”
Background
Randomisation to protect against selection bias in healthcare trials
Odgaard-Jensen, J., Vist, G. E., Timmer, A., Kunz, R., Akl, E. A., Schünemann, H., Briel, M., Nordmann, A. J., Pregno, S., & Oxman, A. D. (2011) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.mr000012.pub3 · Cited by 439 · cited 2×
“For example, the meta-epidemiological study showing that trials with inadequate allocation concealment yielded larger estimates of effects (relative to trials with adequate allocation concealment) does not necessarily have to describe patients’ characteristics or comorbidities in each individual trial.(10) Publication…”
MethodResult
Statistical methods for assessing the influence of study characteristics on treatment effects in 'meta-epidemiological' research
Sterne, J. A. C., Jüni, P., Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., Bartlett, C., & Egger, M. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1184 · Cited by 382
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Method
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Method
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“We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement adapted for meta-epidemiological studies [13].”
Publication bias in pharmacogenetics of adverse reaction to antiseizure drugs: An umbrella review and a meta-epidemiological study
Bally, S., Cottin, J., Gagnieu, M., Lega, J., Verstuyft, C., Rheims, S., Lesca, G., Cucherat, M., & Grenet, G. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0278839 · Cited by 7
Different meta-analysis methods can change judgements about imprecision of effect estimates: a meta-epidemiological study
Wang, Z., Alzuabi, M. A., Morgan, R. L., Mustafa, R. A., Falck-Ytter, Y. T., Dahm, P., Sultan, S., & Murad, M. H. (2023) · BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjebm-2022-112053 · Cited by 7
Discontinuation and nonpublication of clinical trials for the pharmacologic treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder among military veterans
Weygandt, J., Moody, M., Sajjadi, N. B., Greiner, B. H., Ford, A. I., Mazur, A., & Hartwell, M. L. (2023) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22911 · Cited by 7
The influence of industry sponsorship and conflict of interest on results and conclusions of systematic reviews regarding treatment of knee osteoarthritis
Heigle, B., Shepard, S., Anderson, J. M., Weaver, M., Hartwell, M. L., & Vassar, M. B. (2021) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open · doi:10.1016/j.ocarto.2021.100142 · Cited by 7
“While drafting this paper, we referred to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) [14] and Murad and Wang’s guidelines for meta-epidemiological studies [15].”
Method
Evaluation of Spin in the Abstracts of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Atopic Dermatitis Treatments and Interventions
Lin, V., Patel, R., Wirtz, A., Mannem, D., Ottwell, R., Arthur, W., Cook, C., Howard, H., Wright, D., Hartwell, M. L., et al. (2021) · Dermatology · doi:10.1159/000515299 · Cited by 8
Are shared decision making studies well enough described to be replicated? Secondary analysis of a Cochrane systematic review
Agbadjé, T. T., Riganti, P., Adisso, É. L., Adekpedjou, R., Boucher, A., Nunciaroni, A. T., Franco, J. V. A., Yanzi, M. V. R., & Légaré, F. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0265401 · Cited by 7
Black representation in critical care randomized controlled trials: a meta-epidemiological study
Youmbi, C. T., Gilman, T. J., Siani, I. N., Olaye, I.-E., Popoola, A., Yahya, S. A., Kyeremanteng, K., Gandotra, S., Casey, J. D., Semler, M. W., et al. (2023) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie · doi:10.1007/s12630-023-02462-x · Cited by 9
Including Non-inferiority Trials in Contemporary Meta-analyses of Chronic Medical Conditions: a Meta-epidemiological Study
Wang, Z., Nayfeh, T., Sofiyeva, N., Ponte, O. J., Rajjoub, R., Malandris, K., Seisa, M. O., Chu, H., & Murad, M. H. (2020) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-020-05821-2 · Cited by 8
Evaluation of Spin in the Abstracts of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Focused on Tinnitus
Rucker, B., Umbarger, E. M., Ottwell, R., Arthur, W., Brame, L. S., Woodson, E., Wright, D., Hartwell, M. L., Khojasteh, J., & Vassar, M. B. (2021) · Otology & Neurotology · doi:10.1097/mao.0000000000003178 · Cited by 7
“The drafting of the article followed compatible reporting guidelines, specifically, the Murad and Wang’s (11) guideline for meta-epidemiological studies and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA) (12).”
Method
Systematic reviews on the success of dental implants present low spin of information but may be better reported and interpreted: An overview of systematic reviews with meta‐analysis
Alves, C. P. D. L., Vetromilla, B. M., Moreno, L. B., Helal, L. C. A. S., Sarkis‐Onofre, R., & Pereira‐Cenci, T. (2022) · Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research · doi:10.1111/cid.13067 · Cited by 7
Evaluating agreement between individual nutrition randomised controlled trials and cohort studies - a meta-epidemiological study
Stadelmaier, J., Bantle, G., Gorenflo, L., Kiesswetter, E., Nikolakopoulou, A., & Schwingshackl, L. (2025) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-025-03860-2 · Cited by 6
“This meta-epidemiological study adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Anal-yses (PRISMA 2020) [15] and guidelines for meta-epide-miological research [16].”
Patient Income/Wealth Level & Postoperative Outcomes Within 90 Days of Surgery: A Systematic Review & Meta-analysis
Banerjee, A., & Rafi, I. (2025) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2025.06.030 · Cited by 6
The AMSTAR ‐2 critical appraisal tool and editorial decision‐making for systematic reviews: Retrospective, bibliometric study
Chapman, S. J., Dossa, F., de Groof, E. J., Keane, C., van Ramshorst, G. H., & Smart, N. J. (2022) · Learned Publishing · doi:10.1002/leap.1463 · Cited by 6
Observational studies of traditional Chinese medicine may provide evidence nearly consistent with the randomized controlled trials: A meta-epidemiological study
Song, H., Li, N., Yang, W., Wu, M., Liao, X., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Integrative Medicine Research · doi:10.1016/j.imr.2022.100889 · Cited by 6
Pilot and feasibility trials in surgery are incompletely reported according to the CONSORT checklist: a meta-research study
McKechnie, T., Kazi, T., Wang, A., Zhang, S., Thabane, A., Nanji, K., Staibano, P., Park, L. J., Doumouras, A. G., Eskicioglu, C., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111335 · Cited by 6
Many randomized trials in a large systematic review were not registered and had evidence of selective outcome reporting: a metaepidemiological study
Silva, S., Singh, S., Kashif, S., Ogilvie, R., Pinto, R. Z., & Hayden, J. A. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111568 · Cited by 12
Reporting and Methodological Qualities of Systematic Reviews in Rehabilitation Journals After 2020: A Cross-Sectional Meta-Epidemiological Study
Tsuge, T., Yamamoto, N., Tomita, Y., Hagiyama, A., Shiratsuchi, D., Kato, Y., Taito, S., & Yorifuji, T. (2025) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzaf032 · Cited by 11
Evaluating the reproducibility of research in obstetrics and gynecology
Rauh, S. L., Bowers, A., Rorah, D., Tritz, D., Pate, H., Frye, L., & Vassar, M. B. (2021) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.12.021 · Cited by 6
An Empirical Evaluation of the Impact Scenario of Pooling Bodies of Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials and Cohort Studies in Nutrition Research
Schwingshackl, L., Bröckelmann, N., Beyerbach, J., Werner, S. S., Zähringer, J., Schwarzer, G., & Meerpohl, J. J. (2022) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmac042 · Cited by 6
Incomplete reporting of patient-reported outcomes in multiple sclerosis: A meta-epidemiological study of randomized controlled trials
Khan, T., Khalid, M., Dunford, B., Nguyen, T., Wise, A., Heigle, B., Shepard, S., Kee, M. D., Hillman, C., Ottwell, R., et al. (2022) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2022.103819 · Cited by 6
Evaluation of “Spin” in the Abstracts of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Therapeutic Interventions Published in High-Impact Plastic Surgery Journals: A Systematic Review
Gallo, L., Yuan, M., Gallo, M., Chin, B. H., Huynh, M. N. Q., McRae, M. H., McRae, M. C., Coroneos, C. J., Thoma, A., & Voineskos, S. H. (2022) · Aesthetic Surgery Journal · doi:10.1093/asj/sjac109 · Cited by 6
Deficiencies in reporting inclusion/exclusion criteria and characteristics of patients in randomized controlled trials of therapeutic interventions in pressure injuries: a systematic methodological review
Miranda, J. S., Abbade, L. P. F., Abbade, J. F., Thabane, L., Mbuagbaw, L. C. E., Pascon, G. C., Campanili, T. C. G. F., Santos, L. P., & Santos, V. L. C. D. G. (2023) · International Wound Journal · doi:10.1111/iwj.14351 · Cited by 6
Misleading presentations in functional food trials led by contract research organizations were frequently observed in Japan: meta-epidemiological study
Someko, H., Yamamoto, N., Ito, T., Suzuki, T., Tsuge, T., Yabuzaki, H., Dohi, E., & Kataoka, Y. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111302 · Cited by 6
Protocol for a meta-research study of protocols for diet or nutrition-related trials published in indexed journals: general aspects of study design, rationale and reporting limitations
Silva, F. M., Adegboye, A. R. A., Curioni, C. C., Gomes, F. D. S., Collins, P. G. S., Kac, G., de Beyer, J. A., Cook, J. A., Ismail, L. C., Page, M. J., et al. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064744 · Cited by 6
Evaluation of spin in the abstracts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of treatments and interventions for smoking cessation
Garrett, M., Koochin, T., Ottwell, R., Arthur, W., Rogers, T., Hartwell, M. L., Chen, E., Ford, A. I., Wright, D., Sealey, M., et al. (2021) · Tobacco Prevention & Cessation · doi:10.18332/tpc/134238 · Cited by 6
Utilization of expert opinion in infectious diseases clinical guidelines—A meta-epidemiological study
Nagavci, B., Schwingshackl, L., Martín‐Loeches, I., & Lakatos, B. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0306098 · Cited by 5
“This meta-epidemiological study is designed and reported in accordance with guidelines for reporting meta-epidemiological research [14].”
Method
The reporting quality of meta-epidemiological studies needs substantial improvement: a research on research study
Long, Y., Zheng, Y., Wang, X., Qiong, G., Zhang, N., Deng, Y., Tang, R., Li, Z., & Du, L. (2024) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-024-02661-7 · Cited by 6
“In response to these limitations, guidelines for reporting meta-epidemiological methodology research were published in 2017, with the aim of improving the trans-parency and clarity [8].”
Method
Adherence to CONSORT-PRO Extension Guidelines for Patient-Reported Outcomes in Randomized Controlled Trials Focused on Peripheral Nerve Blocks: A Meta-epidemiological Study
Khan, A., Nguyen, T., Dunford, B., Khan, T., Khalid, M., Hillman, C., Shepard, S., Kee, M. D., Roberts, W., Terrell, A., et al. (2025) · Pain and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40122-025-00766-y · Cited by 5
“This type of study design can be used to assess the adherence of RCTs to the CONSORT-PRO extension [7].”
Epidemiology and Reporting Characteristics of Systematic Reviews in Orthopedic Journals: A Meta-Epidemiological Study
Yamamoto, N., Taito, S., Miura, T., Ariie, T., Tomita, Y., Ogihara, H., Shiratsuchi, D., Yorifuji, T., & Tsujimoto, Y. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12227031 · Cited by 5
“This cross-sectional meta-epidemiological study was registered with osf.io (https://osf. io/z63ye (accessed on 8 October 2023)), and we followed the reporting guidelines [12].”
Method
Gaps in completeness of reporting and methodological quality: a metaresearch study of 139 network meta-analyses published in January 2023 using PRISMA-NMA and AMSTAR-2
Gianola, S., Guida, S., Ravot, G., Lunny, C., Bargeri, S., & Castellini, G. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2025.111783 · Cited by 5
Risk of bias in chiropractic mixed methods research: a secondary analysis of a meta-epidemiological review.
Emary, P. C., Stuber, K. J., Mbuagbaw, L. C. E., Oremus, M., Nolet, P. S., Nash, J., Bauman, C. A., Ciraco, C., Couban, R., & Busse, J. W. (2022) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · Cited by 5
Evaluating The Reporting of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Surgical Management of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women: An Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Batioja, K., Peña, A. M., Smith, C., Minley, K., Wise, A., Shepard, S., Heigle, B., Ottwell, R., Hartwell, M. L., & Vassar, M. B. (2022) · Women s Health Issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2022.10.004 · Cited by 5
A meta-analysis of COVID-19 vaccines acceptance among black/African American
Ripon, R. K., Motahara, U., Alam, A., Ishadi, K. S., & Sarker, M. S. (2022) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12300 · Cited by 5
“Utilizing a random-effects meta-analysis to account for between-study heterogeneity, prevalence estimates were merged [17, 15, 16].”
Influential
A meta-epidemiological study on the reported treatment effect of pregabalin in neuropathic pain trials over time
Cheng, E. T. L., Cheik-Hussein, M., Lin, N., Lewin, A. M., McAuley, J. H., & Harris, I. A. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0280593 · Cited by 6
The quality of paediatric asthma guidelines: evidence underpinning diagnostic test recommendations from a meta-epidemiological study
Thomas, E. T., Thomas, S. T., Perera, R., Gill, P. J., Moloney, S., & Heneghan, C. J. (2023) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmad052 · Cited by 5
“12 We assessed the quality and reporting of these CPGs using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) tool.”
Method
Assessing the robustness of positive vascular surgery randomized controlled trials using their fragility index
Javidan, A. P., Benipal, H., Vi, L., Li, A., Lee, Y., Feridooni, T., Alaichi, J., & Naji, F. N. (2023) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2023.05.051 · Cited by 5
The quality of diagnostic guidelines for children in primary care: A meta‐epidemiological study
Thomas, E. T., Thomas, S. T., Perera, R., Gill, P. J., Moloney, S., & Heneghan, C. J. (2023) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1111/jpc.16454 · Cited by 4
“11 Ethical approval was not required.”
Incorrect blinding assessments are common in meta‐analyses published in high impact journals
Kuitunen, I., Ponkilainen, V., & Uimonen, M. (2024) · Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1111/jebm.12636 · Cited by 5
Evaluation of Spin in the Abstracts of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses of Treatments for Glaucoma
Okonya, O., Lai, E., Ottwell, R., Khattab, M., Arthur, W., Khaimi, M. A., Wright, D., Hartwell, M. L., & Vassar, M. B. (2020) · Journal of Glaucoma · doi:10.1097/ijg.0000000000001735 · Cited by 5
Evaluation of Spin in the Abstracts of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies on Opioid Use Disorder
Balcerak, G., Shepard, S., Ottwell, R., Arthur, W., Hartwell, M. L., Beaman, J., Lu, K. H., Zhu, L., Wright, D., & Vassar, M. B. (2021) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/08897077.2021.1904092 · Cited by 5
Patient-important outcomes reported in randomized controlled trials of pharmacologic treatments for COVID-19: a protocol of a META-epidemiological study
Jiménez-Mora, M. A., Varela, A. R., Meneses-Echavez, J. F., Bidonde, J., Fonseca, A. A., Siemieniuk, R. A. C., Zeraatkar, D., Bartoszko, J. J., Brignardello‐Petersen, R., Honarmand, K., et al. (2021) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-021-01838-8 · Cited by 5
“io/6xgjz) and the study will be conducted and reported in line with international standards [13, 14].”
Result
Spin in Abstracts of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses of Melanoma Therapies: Cross-sectional Analysis
Nowlin, R., Wirtz, A., Wenger, D., Ottwell, R., Cook, C., Arthur, W., Sallee, B., Levin, J. I., Hartwell, M. L., Wright, D., et al. (2022) · JMIR Dermatology · doi:10.2196/33996 · Cited by 5
“The relevant reporting guidelines were incorporated in the drafting of this manuscript, specifically PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) [22] and Murad and Wang's [23] guidelines for meta-epidemiological studies.”
Method
More than one third of clinical practice guidelines on low back pain overlap in AGREE II appraisals. Research wasted?
Gianola, S., Bargeri, S., Cinquini, M., Iannicelli, V., Meroni, R., & Castellini, G. (2022) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-022-01621-w · Cited by 5
“Materials and methods Meta‐epidemiological study The study was conducted according to the guidelines for reporting meta-epidemiological methodology research [18] since the specific reporting checklist for methods research studies is currently under development (MethodologIcal STudy reporting Checklist [MISTIC]) [19].”
Method
A review of reproducible and transparent research practices in urology publications from 2014 to2018
Rauh, S. L., Johnson, B. S., Bowers, A., Tritz, D., & Vassar, B. M. (2022) · BMC Urology · doi:10.1186/s12894-022-01059-8 · Cited by 6
“These guidelines, available for nearly every type of study imaginable, ensure that manuscripts are written in a transparent way, encouraging reproducibility and accurate reporting of findings [36].”
Background
Spin within systematic review abstracts on antiplatelet therapies after acute coronary syndrome: a cross-sectional study
Wise, A., Mannem, D., Arthur, W., Ottwell, R., Greiner, B. H., Srouji, D., Wildes, D. E., Hartwell, M. L., Wright, D., Khojasteh, J., et al. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049421 · Cited by 5
Transparent and systematic reporting of meta-epidemiological studies
Granholm, A., Anthon, C. T., Perner, A., Laake, J. H., & Møller, M. H. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.04.014 · Cited by 5

Authors: Murad, M. H., & Wang, Z.
Affiliations: Mayo Clinic (US)
Corresponding author: Murad, Mohammad Hassan
ORCID: Murad, Mohammad Hassan
Wang, Zhen
Venue: Evidence Based Medicine
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 2017-07-12
Volume: 22
Issue: 4
Pages: 139-142
ISSN: 1356-5524 (ISSN-L)
1473-6810
DOI: 10.1136/ebmed-2017-110713
PMC: PMC5537553
OpenAlex: W2735796955
Cited by: 515
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 61 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 92 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 103 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 2
FWCI: 18.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
Locations: BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
Keywords: meta-epidemiology, reporting guidelines, PRISMA, study characteristics, research transparency, reproducibility, systematic reviews
MeSH terms: Systematic Reviews as Topic, Humans, Publishing, Quality Control, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Research Report

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