The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Gastric acid barrier to ingested microorganisms in man: studies in vivo and in vitro
Open accessAbstract
Reassessment of the `gastric bactericidal barrier' to enteric bacteria in man included studies of the bactericidal activity of (1) the normal and achlorhydric stomach in vivo and (2) normal and achlorhydric gastric juice and other media in vitro. Within 30 minutes virtually all bacteria ( Serratia marcescens ) were eliminated in the normal stomach whereas no reduction occurred in the achlorhydric stomach in one hour. In vitro , identical bactericidal activity was observed at the same p H (from 2·0 to 7·0) in normal gastric juice, achlorhydric gastric juice, aqueous HCl, and nutrient broth. At p H less than 4·0, 99·9% of the bacteria were killed within 30 minutes. The presence of profuse bacterial flora, including coliforms, found in markedly acid-deficient but not in normal stomachs, correlates well with the absence of bactericidal activity. Thus, the `gastric bactericidal barrier' is primarily p H-hydrochloric acid dependent, with other constituents of gastric juice contributing little, if any, detectable effect on the destruction of microorganisms.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A turbidimetric method for the determination of higher polyethylene glycols in biological materials.
Hyden, S. (1956) · Kungliga Lantbrukshogskolans Annaler · Cited by 695
Studies on the Intestinal Flora
Drasar, B. S., Shiner, M., & McLeod, G. M. (1969) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(69)80067-3 · Cited by 562
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BACTERIAL FLORA IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF MICE
Schaedler, R. W., Dubos, R., & Costello, R. (1965) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.122.1.59 · Cited by 352
Studies of Intestinal Microflora
Gorbach, S. L., Plaut, A. G., Nahas, L., Weinstein, L., Spanknebel, G., & Levitan, R. (1967) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(19)34122-8 · Cited by 329
Influence of gastric pH on gastric and jejunal flora.
Gray, J. D., & Shiner, M. (1967) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.8.6.574 · Cited by 180
Giannella, R. A., Broitman, S. A., & Zamcheck, N. (1971) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf02235012 · Cited by 90
Self-citationGiannella, R. A., Broitman, S. A., & Zamcheck, N. (1971) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci106581 · Cited by 77
Self-citationGastric Nonabsorbable Indicators for Studies in Man
Ivey, K. J., & Schedl, H. P. (1970) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(19)33765-5 · Cited by 66
BACTERIAL CHANGES IN THE SMALL INTESTINE IN MALABSORPTIVE STATES AND IN PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA.
Aw, D., & Rh, G. (1964) · PubMed · Cited by 57
Studies on natural gastric flora. I. Bacterial flora of fasting human subjects.
Franklin, M. A., & Skoryna, S. C. (1966) · PubMed · Cited by 39
Cited by
Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration
Marshall, B., & Warren, J. R. (1984) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(84)91816-6 · Cited by 5,509
Crump, J. A., Sjölund-Karlsson, M., Gordon, M. A., & Parry, C. M. (2015) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00002-15 · Cited by 1,156
The gastrointestinal tract. The “undrained abscess” of multiple organ failure
Marshall, J. C., Christou, N. V., & Meakins, J. L. (1993) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-199308000-00001 · Cited by 707
Regulatory effects of bifidobacteria on the growth of other colonic bacteria
Gibson, G. R., & Wang, X. (1994) · Journal of Applied Bacteriology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1994.tb03443.x · Cited by 682
Control of Acid Resistance in Escherichia coli
Castanie-Cornet, M.-P., Penfound, T. A., Smith, D., Elliott, J. F., & Foster, J. W. (1999) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.181.11.3525-3535.1999 · Cited by 623
Metadata
- Authors
- Giannella, R. A., Broitman, S. A., & Zamcheck, N.
- Venue
- Gut
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1972-04
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 251-256
- ISSN
- 0017-5749 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-3288
- OpenAlex
- W2061846792
- Cited by
- 437
- References
- 14
- FWCI
- 10.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Gastric acid barrier to ingested microorganisms in man: studies in vivo and in vitro. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1136/gut.13.4.251
- The paper
- Giannella, R. A., Broitman, S. A., & Zamcheck, N. (1972). Gastric acid barrier to ingested microorganisms in man: studies in vivo and in vitro. Gut. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.13.4.251
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
