The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Seasonality of cardiovascular risk factors: an analysis including over 230 000 participants in 15 countries
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To assess the seasonality of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in a large set of population-based studies. Methods: Cross-sectional data from 24 population-based studies from 15 countries, with a total sample size of 237 979 subjects. CVRFs included Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference; systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure; total, high (HDL) and low (LDL) density lipoprotein cholesterol; triglycerides and glucose levels. Within each study, all data were adjusted for age, gender and current smoking. For blood pressure, lipids and glucose levels, further adjustments on BMI and drug treatment were performed. Results: In the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, CVRFs levels tended to be higher in winter and lower in summer months. These patterns were observed for most studies. In the Northern Hemisphere, the estimated seasonal variations were 0.26 kg/m 2 for BMI, 0.6 cm for waist circumference, 2.9 mm Hg for SBP, 1.4 mm Hg for DBP, 0.02 mmol/L for triglycerides, 0.10 mmol/L for total cholesterol, 0.01 mmol/L for HDL cholesterol, 0.11 mmol/L for LDL cholesterol, and 0.07 mmol/L for glycaemia. Similar results were obtained when the analysis was restricted to studies collecting fasting blood samples. Similar seasonal variations were found for most CVRFs in the Southern Hemisphere, with the exception of waist circumference, HDL, and LDL cholesterol. Conclusions: CVRFs show a seasonal pattern characterised by higher levels in winter, and lower levels in summer. This pattern could contribute to the seasonality of CV mortality.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This is to some extent due to analytical variation, but is also due to environmental factors such as diet and physical activity, and a seasonal variation, with higher levels of TC and HDL-C during the winter. 78”
From 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias (2016) · cites this paper as [78]
In the citing paper
“There is a considerable intra-individual variation in plasma lipids.”
From 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias (2016) · cites this paper as [78]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
R Core Team (2000) · doi:10.32614/r.manuals · Cited by 355,893
Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project
Conroy, R. (2003) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/s0195-668x(03)00114-3 · Cited by 5,290
Higgins, S. M. F., Macken, A. P., Cullen, W., Saunders, J., Dunne, C. P., & O’Gorman, C. S. (2013) · PubMed · doi:10.34961/9953 · Cited by 4,807
ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias
Reiner, Ž., Catapano, A. L., De Backer, G., Graham, I., Taskinen, M.-R., Wiklund, O., Agewall, S., Alegria, E., Chapman, M. J., Durrington, P., et al. (2011) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr158 · Cited by 3,549
Self-citationGenetic variants in novel pathways influence blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk
The International Consortium for Blood Pressure Genome-Wide Association Studies (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10405 · Cited by 2,033
Self-citationGlobal association of air pollution and heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Shah, A. S. V., Langrish, J. P., Nair, H., McAllister, D., Hunter, A. L., Donaldson, K., Newby, D. E., & Mills, N. L. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60898-3 · Cited by 1,263
Martins, D., Wolf, M. S., Pan, D., Zadshir, A., Tareen, N. G., Thadhani, R., Felsenfeld, A. J., Levine, B. S., Mehrotra, R., & Norris, K. C. (2007) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.167.11.1159 · Cited by 832
ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias
Catapano, A. L., Reiner, Ž., De Backer, G., Graham, I., Taskinen, M.-R., Wiklund, O., Agewall, S., Alegria, E., Chapman, M. J., Durrington, P., et al. (2011) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.06.028 · Cited by 706
Effects of Cold Weather on Mortality: Results From 15 European Cities Within the PHEWE Project
Analitis, A., Katsouyanni, K., Biggeri, A., Baccini, M., Forsberg, B., Bisanti, L., Kirchmayer, U., Ballester, F., Cadum, E., Goodman, P., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwn266 · Cited by 666
Epidemiological Findings of Seasonal Changes in Mood and Behavior
Kasper, S. F., Wehr, T. A., Bartko, J. J., Gaist, P., & Rosenthal, N. E. (1989) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810090065010 · Cited by 642
Seasonal variation in arterial blood pressure.
Brennan, P. J., Greenberg, G. M., Miall, W. E., & Thompson, S. G. (1982) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.285.6346.919 · Cited by 530
Seasonal analyses of air pollution and mortality in 100 US cities
Peng, R. D., Dominici, F., Pastor-Barriuso, R., Zeger, S. L., & Samet, J. M. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwi075 · Cited by 450
Studying seasonality by using sine and cosine functions in regression analysis.
Stolwijk, A. M., Straatman, H., & Zielhuis, G. A. (1999) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.53.4.235 · Cited by 447
Ma, Y., Olendzki, B. C., Li, W., Hafner, A. R., Chiriboga, D., Hebert, J. R., Campbell, M., Sarnie, M., & Ockene, I. S. (2006) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602346 · Cited by 281
Matthews, C. E., Freedson, P. S., Hébert, J. R., Stanek, E. J., Merriam, P. A., Rosal, M. C., Ebbeling, C. B., & Ockene, I. S. (2001) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/153.2.172 · Cited by 274
Relationship Between Blood Pressure and Outdoor Temperature in a Large Sample of Elderly Individuals
Alpérovitch, A., Lacombe, J., Hanon, O., Dartigues, J., Ritchie, K. A., Ducimetière, P., & Tzourio, C. (2009) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2008.512 · Cited by 244
Mortality as a function of temperature. A study in Valencia, Spain, 1991-1993
Ballester, F., Corella, D., Pérez‐Hoyos, S., Sáez, M., & Hervas, A. (1997) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/26.3.551 · Cited by 218
Lewington, S., Li, L., Sherliker, P., Guo, Y., Millwood, I. Y., Bian, Z., Whitlock, G., Yang, L., Collins, R., Chen, J., et al. (2012) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e32835465b5 · Cited by 209
Heneghan, H., Eldar, S. M., Brethauer, S. A., Schauer, P. R., & Young, J. B. (2011) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.06.076 · Cited by 161
Seasonal variation in mortality in Scotland
Gemmell, I., McLoone, P., Boddy, F. A., Dickinson, G. J., & Watt, G. C. M. (2000) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/29.2.274 · Cited by 136
Visscher, T. L. S., & Seidell, J. C. (2004) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802761 · Cited by 122
Influence of climatic variables on acute myocardial infarction hospital admissions
Abrignani, M. G., Corrao, S., Biondo, G., Renda, N., Braschi, A., Novo, G., Girolamo, A. D., Braschi, G. B., & Novo, S. (2008) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.06.036 · Cited by 117
The Impact of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Hypertension: A Systematic Review
Sarkhosh, K., Birch, D. W., Shi, X., Gill, R. S., & Karmali, S. (2012) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-012-0615-2 · Cited by 100
Seasonal variations in dietary intake affect the consistency of dietary assessment
Shahar, D. R., Yerushalmi, N., Lubin, F., Froom, P., Shahar, A., & Kristal-Boneh, E. (2001) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1023/a:1017542928978 · Cited by 83
Comparing linear and nonlinear mixed model approaches to cosinor analysis
Mikulich, S. K., Zerbe, G. O., Jones, R. H., & Crowley, T. J. (2003) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1560 · Cited by 72
Seasonal variations in blood pressure
Cuspidi, C., Ochoa, J. E., & Parati, G. (2012) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e328355d7f9 · Cited by 61
Seasonal variation in plasma glucose and hormone levels in adult men and women
Behall, K., Scholfield, D. J., Hallfrisch, J., Kelsay, J., & Reiser, S. (1984) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/40.6.1352 · Cited by 61
Survey of New York City Resident Physicians on Cause-of-Death Reporting, 2010
Wexelman, B. A., Eden, E., & Rose, K. M. (2013) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd10.120288 · Cited by 56
No effect of ultraviolet radiation on blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors
Scragg, R. K. R., Wishart, J., Stewart, A. W., Ofanoa, M., Kerse, N. M., Dyall, L., & Lawes, C. M. M. (2011) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e328349666d · Cited by 54
Self-citationChen, L., Tonkin, A. M., Moon, L., Mitchell, P., Dobson, A. J., Giles, G. G., HOBBS, M. S. T., Phillips, P. J. J., Shaw, J. E., Simmons, D. S., et al. (2009) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/hjr.0b013e32832cd9cb · Cited by 48
Self-citationMacDonald, M. J., Liston, L. A., & Carlson, I. H. (1987) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.36.3.265 · Cited by 45
Kershenbaum, A. D., Kershenbaum, A., Tarabeia, J., Stein, N., Lavi, I., & Rennert, G. (2011) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2011.560315 · Cited by 39
Monthly intra-individual variation in lipids over a 1-year period in 22 normal subjects
Nazir, D. J., Roberts, R. S., Hill, S., & McQueen, M. (1999) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0009-9120(99)00030-2 · Cited by 37
Tung, P., Wiviott, S. D., Cannon, C. P., Murphy, S. A., McCabe, C. H., & Gibson, C. M. (2009) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.12.034 · Cited by 36
Reavey, M., Saner, H. E., Paccaud, F. M., & Marques-Vidal, P. M. (2013) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.224 · Cited by 35
Self-citationSeasonal variability of serum lipids in adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.
Hadaegh, F., Harati, H., Zabetian, A., & Azizi, F. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 15
Cited by
Sorted by citations
2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias
Catapano, A. L., Graham, I., De Backer, G., Wiklund, O., Chapman, M. J., Drexel, H., Hoes, A. W., Jennings, C. S., Landmesser, U., Pedersen, T. R., et al. (2016) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw272 · Cited by 3,162
Self-citation2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias
Catapano, A. L., Graham, I., De Backer, G., Wiklund, O., Chapman, M. J., Drexel, H., Hoes, A. W., Jennings, C. S., Landmesser, U., Pedersen, T. R., et al. (2016) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.018 · Cited by 1,582
“This is to some extent due to analytical variation, but is also due to environmental factors such as diet and physical activity, and a seasonal variation, with higher levels of TC and HDL-C during the winter.(78)”
BackgroundEnvironmental Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease
Bhatnagar, A. (2017) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.117.306458 · Cited by 636
Seasonal variations in cardiovascular disease
Stewart, S., Keates, A. K., Redfern, A., & McMurray, J. J. V. (2017) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2017.76 · Cited by 338
Martí-Soler, H., Gonseth, S., Gubelmann, C., Stringhini, S., Bovet, P., Chen, P., Wojtyniak, B., Paccaud, F. M., Tsai, D.-H., Zdrojewski, T. R., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113500 · Cited by 156
“However, in a previous study, we showed that hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease also occurred less frequently in summer months [6] and cardiovascular risk factors also showed seasonal variation with increased levels in winter [7].”
BackgroundResultSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Marti-Soler, H., Gubelmann, C., Aeschbacher, S., Alves, L., Bobak, M., Bongard, V., Clays, E., de Gaetano, G., Di Castelnuovo, A., Elosua, R., Ferrieres, J., Guessous, I., Igland, J., Jørgensen, T., Nikitin, Y., O'Doherty, M. G., Palmieri, L., Ramos, R., Simons, J., Sulo, G., Vanuzzo, D., Vila, J., Barros, H., Borglykke, A., Conen, D., De Bacquer, D., Donfrancesco, C., Gaspoz, J.-M., Giampaoli, S., Giles, G. G., Iacoviello, L., Kee, F., Kubinova, R., Malyutina, S., Marrugat, J., Prescott, E., Ruidavets, J. B., Scragg, R., Simons, L. A., Tamosiunas, A., Tell, G. S., Vollenweider, P., & Marques-Vidal, P.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (CH)
- University Hospital of Basel (CH)
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
- Inserm (FR)
- Ghent University (BE)
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
- Cardiovascular and Genetic Epidemiology Research Group (ULEC-EGEC), Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disease Programme (RICAD), IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, UMR 1027- INSERM, Toulouse University—CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
- University of Bergen (NO)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Institute of Internal Medicine, Siberian Branch RAMS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (IT)
- Universitat de Girona (ES)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Centro di Prevenzione Cardiovascolare, ASS 4 ‘Medio Friuli’, Udine, Italy
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (ES)
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- Capital Region of Denmark (DK)
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Council Victoria (AU)
- Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (IT)
- Queen's University Belfast (GB)
- Centre for Health Monitoring, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
- Novosibirsk State Medical University (RU)
- Frederiksberg Hospital (DK)
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Corresponding author
- Marques-Vidal, Pedro
- ORCID
- Gubelmann, Cédric
- Aeschbacher, Stefanie
- Bongard, Vanina
- Clays, Els
- Guessous, Idris
- Igland, Jannicke
- Jørgensen, Torben
- Palmieri, Luigi
- Ramos, Rafel
- Sulo, Gerhard
- Vanuzzo, Diego
- Vila, Joan
- Barros, Henrique
- Donfrancesco, Chiara
- Giles, Graham G
- Iacoviello, Licia
- Kee, Frank
- Malyutina, Sofia
- Marrugat, Jaume
- Prescott, Eva
- Scragg, Robert
- Simons, Leon A
- Tell, Grethe S
- Marques-Vidal, Pedro
- Venue
- Heart
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2014-05-30
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 1517-1523
- ISSN
- 1355-6037 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-201X
- OpenAlex
- W2140020569
- Cited by
- 151
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 9.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Heart (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- IrInSubria (University of Insubria) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion)
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (33CSCO-122661)
- John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (064947/Z/01/Z)
- Pfizer
- GlaxoSmithKline (3200B0–105993, 33CSCO-122661, 3200B0-118308)
- Velux Stiftung
- Hjerteforeningen
- Universität Basel (PP00P3_133681)
- Sundhed og Sygdom, Det Frie Forskningsråd (396414, 209057)
- Wellcome Trust (064947/Z/01/Z, 081081/Z/06/Z, 209057, 081081, 081081/Z)
- Universitätsspital Basel
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (396414, 209057)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (209057, 396414)
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (122661, 124087, 33CSCO, 118308, 133681, 105993, 3200B0, 139468, 108315, FN 33CSC0-)
- Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS (3200B0-105993, 3200B0-118308, 33CSCO-122661)
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (209057, 396414)
- Ministero della Salute
- Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità
- Schweizerische Herzstiftung
- China Scholarship Council
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- Region Hovedstaden
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève
- Institut de Veille Sanitaire
- Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology
- Canton de Genève
- Vlaamse regering
- Pfizer Foundation
- Forsknings- og Innovationsstyrelsen
- Medical Research Council (MR/K023241/1, 396414, 209057)
- National Health and Medical Research Council (396414, 251533, 209057)
- Cancer Council Victoria (209057, 396414)
- Health Research Council of New Zealand
- Danish Agency for Science and Higher Education
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (PTDC/SAU-ESA/108315/2008)
- Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RD12/0042)
- European Regional Development Fund (RD12/0042)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG023522)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Keywords
- seasonal variation, cardiovascular risk factors, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, hemispheric differences, cardiovascular mortality
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cold Temperature, Cross-Sectional Studies, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Europe, Female, Humans, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, New Zealand, Risk Factors, Seasons, Triglycerides, Body Mass Index, Risk Assessment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
