Cited by 439Nutritional Studies and DietPhytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesNutrition, Health and Food Behavior

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Fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause, cancer and CVD mortality: analysis of Health Survey for England data

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Oyebode, Oyinlola, Gordon-Dseagu, Vanessa, Walker, Alice, Mindell, Jennifer S·2014·Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health

DOI 10.1136/jech-2013-203500PMC PMC4145465

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Abstract

Background: Governments worldwide recommend daily consumption of fruit and vegetables. We examine whether this benefits health in the general population of England. Methods: Cox regression was used to estimate HRs and 95% CI for an association between fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular mortality, adjusting for age, sex, social class, education, BMI, alcohol consumption and physical activity, in 65 226 participants aged 35+ years in the 2001–2008 Health Surveys for England, annual surveys of nationally representative random samples of the non-institutionalised population of England linked to mortality data (median follow-up: 7.7 years). Results: Fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with decreased all-cause mortality (adjusted HR for 7+ portions 0.67 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.78), reference category <1 portion). This association was more pronounced when excluding deaths within a year of baseline (0.58 (0.46 to 0.71)). Fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with reduced cancer (0.75 (0.59–0.96)) and cardiovascular mortality (0.69 (0.53 to 0.88)). Vegetables may have a stronger association with mortality than fruit (HR for 2 to 3 portions 0.81 (0.73 to 0.89) and 0.90 (0.82 to 0.98), respectively). Consumption of vegetables (0.85 (0.81 to 0.89) per portion) or salad (0.87 (0.82 to 0.92) per portion) were most protective, while frozen/canned fruit consumption was apparently associated with increased mortality (1.17 (1.07 to 1.28) per portion). Conclusions: A robust inverse association exists between fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality, with benefits seen in up to 7+ portions daily. Further investigations into the effects of different types of fruit and vegetables are warranted.

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Background
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Background
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“In addition, we controlled for income and raw vegetable and salad consumption as potential confounders, since they have been reported to be inversely associated with mortality 29,44 .”
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“…due to their numerous health benefits, which include improved mental health (Brookie et al. 2018 ), reduced cancer risk (Gonzalez et al. 2012 , Oye-bode et al. 2014 ), reduced cardiovascular disease mortality (Oyebode et al. 2014 ), and reduced risk of stroke (Hu et al. 2014 ), among others.”
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“This recommendation has resulted in the implementation of the ‘5-a-day’ fruit and vegetable campaign in numerous countries (Oyebode et al. 2014), leading to an increase in the consumption of fresh fruits.”
Background
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Authors: Oyebode, O., Gordon-Dseagu, V., Walker, A., & Mindell, J. S.
Affiliations: University College London (GB)
Corresponding author: Oyebode, Oyinlola
ORCID: Oyebode, Oyinlola
Gordon-Dseagu, Vanessa
Mindell, Jennifer S
Venue: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 2014-03-31
Volume: 68
Issue: 9
Pages: 856-862
ISSN: 0141-7681 (ISSN-L)
0143-005X
1470-2738
DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203500
PMC: PMC4145465
OpenAlex: W2158916521
Cited by: 437
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 18
FWCI: 55.06
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
Locations: Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) (acceptedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Funders: Diabetes UK (08/0003752)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Keywords: fruit and vegetable intake, all-cause mortality, cancer mortality, cardiovascular mortality, dietary recommendations, vegetables, salads, Health Survey for England
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cause of Death, England, Feeding Behavior, Female, Fruit, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Vegetables

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Fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause, cancer and CVD mortality: analysis of Health Survey for England data

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