Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of cohort studies
Open accessAbstract
The consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with a reduced rate of coronary heart disease (CHD) in observational cohorts. The purpose of this study was to assess the strength of this association in a meta-analysis. Cohort studies were selected if they reported relative risks (RRs) and 95% CI for coronary heart disease or mortality and if they presented a quantitative assessment of fruit and vegetable intake. The pooled RRs were calculated for each additional portion of fruit and/or vegetables consumed per day, and the linearity of the associations were examined. Nine studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis that consisted of 91,379 men, 129,701 women, and 5,007 CHD events. The risk of CHD was decreased by 4% [RR (95% CI): 0.96 (0.93-0.99), P = 0.0027] for each additional portion per day of fruit and vegetable intake and by 7% [0.93 (0.89-0.96), P < 0.0001] for fruit intake. The association between vegetable intake and CHD risk was heterogeneous (P = 0.0043), more marked for cardiovascular mortality [0.74 (0.75-0.84), P < 0.0001] than for fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction [0.95 (0.92-0.99), P = 0.0058]. Visual inspection of the funnel plot suggested a publication bias, although not statistically significant. Therefore, the reported RRs are probably overestimated. This meta-analysis of cohort studies shows that fruit and vegetable consumption is inversely associated with the risk of CHD. The causal mechanism of this association, however, remains to be demonstrated.
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A meta-analysis of seven large prospective cohort studies reported a 5% reduction in stroke risk for each additional daily serving of fruits and vegetables.
“In a meta-analysis of seven large prospective cohort studies, a 5% reduction in risk of stroke for each additional serving of fruits and vegetables was reported.273”
From European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012) (2012) · cites this paper as [273]
Dauchet et al. reported a 4% decrease in CHD risk (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.99) for each additional daily serving of fruits and vegetables.
“Dauchet et al. reported a decrease in CHD risk of 4% (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.99)for each additional serving of fruits and vegetables per day.273”
From European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012) (2012) · cites this paper as [273]
Greater fruit consumption is associated with lower incidence of stroke.
“and greater fruit consumption is associated with lower incidence of stroke (Figure 1).27,28”
From Components of a Cardioprotective Diet: New Insights (2011) · cites this paper as [27]
Greater fruit and vegetable consumption are each associated with lower incidence of coronary heart disease.
“In long-term observational studies, greater fruit and vegetable consumption are each associated with lower incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD),”
From Components of a Cardioprotective Diet: New Insights (2011) · cites this paper as [27]
Green leafy vegetables are protective against coronary heart disease, hypertension, and ischemic stroke.
“Recent prospective and epidemiologic studies have shown that among the various foods, green leafy vegetables are undoubtedly protective against coronary heart disease, hypertension [3,4,5,6], and ischemic stroke [7].”
From NO-Rich Diet for Lifestyle-Related Diseases (2015) · cites this paper as [6]
A number of epidemiological studies have shown preventive effects of fruits and vegetables on coronary heart disease.
“On the other hand, a number of epidemiological studies have shown the preventive effects of fruits and vegetables on coronary heart disease [3,4,5,6,106].”
From NO-Rich Diet for Lifestyle-Related Diseases (2015) · cites this paper as [6]
High fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with lower cardiovascular disease mortality, including coronary heart disease and stroke.
“mortality from cardiovascular disease [ 2 , 3 ], including coronary heart disease [ 4 ] and stroke [ 5 , 6 ], are well evidenced.”
From Increasing vegetable intakes: rationale and systematic review of published interventions (2016) · cites this paper as [4]
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- Authors
- Dauchet, L., Amouyel, P., Hercberg, S., & Dallongeville, J.
- Affiliations
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (FR)
- Inserm (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Dallongeville, Jean
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-10
- Volume
- 136
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2588-2593
- ISSN
- 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2165979928
- Cited by
- 1,204
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 75 · 2017: 78 · 2016: 96 · 2015: 107 · 2014: 110 · 2013: 117 · 2012: 88
- FWCI
- 5.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Keywords
- fruit consumption, vegetable consumption, coronary artery disease, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, dietary intake, dose-response relationship, publication bias
- MeSH terms
- Coronary Disease, Diet, Female, Fruit, Humans, Male, Myocardial Infarction, Risk, Risk Factors, Vegetables, Cohort Studies, MEDLINE
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