Effects of self-monitoring devices on blood pressure in older adults with hypertension and diabetes: A randomised controlled trial
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hypertension and diabetes frequently coexist, which results in the difficulty of hypertension control in community-dwelling elderly adults who lack effective prevention and control strategies. The aim of this study is to determine whether a combined pedometer and home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) programme could improve blood pressure (BP) among community-dwelling elderly adults with hypertension and diabetes. METHODS: The trial was a 2×2 factorial randomised clinical trial that recruited 180 community-dwelling elderly people (aged ≥60) with hypertension and diabetes in Tianjin, China. Participants were randomly assigned to control, pedometer, HBPM, and pedometer+HBPM groups. Intervention period was 12 months. The coprimary outcomes of the study were systolic and diastolic BP; the secondary outcomes included the proportion of patients with controlled hypertension. BP was measured twice in the right arm using a mercurial sphygmomanometer. The mean of these two measurements was taken as the BP value. RESULTS: At 12 months, compared with the control group, the adjusted differences in least squares mean (95% CI) in systolic and diastolic BP changes for pedometer, HBPM, and pedometer+HBPM groups were -4.2 (-8.4 to 0.1), -2.7 (-6.9 to 1.5) and -8.1 (-12.3 to -3.9) mm Hg (p<0.01); -3.2 (-5.2 to -1.1), -0.1(-2.1 to 1.9) and -3.6 (-5.6 to -1.5) mm Hg (p<0.001), respectively; the adjusted difference in percentage (95% CI) in the controlled hypertension (BP <140/90 mm Hg) for pedometer, HBPM and pedometer+HBPM groups were 7.5 (-12.2 to 27.1), 9.9 (-10.4 to 30.3) and 23.1 (5.0 to 41.1) (p=0.09). CONCLUSION: Combination pedometer and HBPM interventions can significantly decrease BP levels in elderly adults with hypertension and diabetes. TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER: UMIN000021613.
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Pedometers provide an objective measure of ambulatory physical activity.
“Overall, pedometers provide an objective measure of ambulatory physical activity.”
A substantial decline in both systolic and diastolic pressure over 12 months was recorded when home BP monitoring accompanied pedometer use.
“A substantial decline in both systolic and diastolic pressure over 12 months was recorded when home BP monitoring accompanied pedometer use [29].”
Gu et al. demonstrated that physical activity increased more substantially when a pedometer was combined with home blood pressure monitoring.
“Gu et al. demonstrated that physical activity increased more substantially when a pedometer was combined with home blood pressure monitoring, suggesting a synergistic effect between these two components [29].”
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- Authors
- Gu, Y., Bao, X., Wang, Y., Meng, G., Wu, H., Zhang, Q., Liu, L., Song, K., Wang, Y., & Niu, K.
- Affiliations
- Tianjin Medical University (CN)
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Niu, Kaijun
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2019-11-02
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 137-143
- ISSN
- 0141-7681 (ISSN-L)
- 0143-005X
- 1470-2738
- OpenAlex
- W2999847135
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 0.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81673166, 91746205)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Keywords
- hypertension, diabetes mellitus, older adults, home blood pressure monitoring, pedometers, physical activity, blood pressure control, community-dwelling older adults, self-monitoring devices
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Blood Pressure, Blood Pressure Determination, China, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Health Promotion, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Walking, Treatment Outcome, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory, Accelerometry
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