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Cited by 34Gender Roles and Identity StudiesHealth disparities and outcomesHormonal and reproductive studies

The association between masculinity rank and mortality patterns: a prospective study based on the Swedish 1969 conscript cohort

Månsdotter, A, Lundin, A, Falkstedt, D, Hemmingsson, T·2009·Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
DOI 10.1136/jech.2008.082628
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Abstract

Background: Being male constitutes a risk factor for early death, and this may be connected to concepts of masculinity. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between masculinity rank during late adolescence and mortality patterns in a cohort of 49 321 Swedish men tested for compulsory military training in 1969. Methods: The measure of masculinity consisted of a five-grade ranking from the conscription information that comprised leisure interests and occupational preferences. Information on all-cause mortality, alcohol-related mortality, suicide, mortality from other violent causes and mortality from cardiovascular disease was collected from national registers for 1970–2003. The analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazard models with hazard ratios as estimates of relative risk. Results: For all-cause mortality, the crude relative risks versus ordinary masculinity were: lowest masculinity 1.98 (95% CI 1.71 to 2.31), low masculinity 1.38 (95% CI 1.24 to 1.53), high masculinity 0.90 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.01) and highest masculinity 0.78 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.97). After adjustments for childhood class, smoking, alcohol drinking, blood pressure, short stature, psychiatric disorder, low intelligence and contact with police or childcare authorities, conscripts who were ranked lowest on masculinity had a remaining increased relative risk of all-cause mortality (1.49; 95% CI 1.28 to 1.75) and suicide (1. 79; 95% CI 1.31 to 2.43). For mortality from violent causes other than suicide, no statistically significant associations were demonstrated. Conclusions: Earlier research has proposed that masculinity may hold both positive and negative aspects regarding lifetime health. The major conclusion here is that being ranked less masculine is associated with higher mortality.

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  • One quantitative study found that low conformity to masculine norms was associated with suicides in a military population.

    “Similarly, one quantitative study found that low conformity to masculine norms was associated with suicides in a military population [17].”

    From Masculinity and suicidal thinking (2017) · cites this paper as [17]

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Authors
Månsdotter, A., Lundin, A., Falkstedt, D., & Hemmingsson, T.
Affiliations
Karolinska Institutet (SE)
Corresponding author
Månsdotter, A
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
Publisher
BMJ
Published
2009-04-14
Volume
63
Issue
5
Pages
408-413
ISSN
  • 0141-7681 (ISSN-L)
  • 0143-005X
  • 1470-2738
DOI
10.1136/jech.2008.082628
OpenAlex
W2046608594
Cited by
34
References
27
Citations by year
2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
FWCI
7.78
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
  • Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
Keywords
masculinity, mortality, all-cause mortality, suicide, alcohol-related mortality, violent death, cardiovascular mortality, conscripts, late adolescence, leisure interests, career interest, sex differences in mortality
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Cardiovascular Diseases, Epidemiologic Methods, Humans, Male, Mortality, Suicide, Sweden, Violence, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Alcohol-Related Disorders, Young Adult, Masculinity

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