The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Disability in young people and adults after head injury: 12–14 year follow-up of a prospective cohort
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: There is a need to establish how long term outcome evolves after head injury (HI) and factors related to this, to inform opportunities for intervention. OBJECTIVE: To determine late outcome in adults 12-14 years after hospital admission for HI and to examine relationships between injury, early and late factors, and disability. METHODS: A prospective cohort with HI, whose outcome was reported previously at 1 and 5-7 years after injury, were followed up after 12-14 years. Participants were assessed using structured and validated measures of disability (Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended), psychological well being, alcohol use and health status. RESULTS: Of 219 survivors followed-up at 5-7 years, 34 (15.5%) had died by 12-14 years. Disability remained common in survivors at 12-14 years (51%), as found at 1 and 5-7 years (53%). For those disabled at 1 year, outcome was poor, with 80% dead or disabled at 12-14 years. Older age at injury, a premorbid history of brain illness or physical disability and post-injury low self-esteem and stress were associated with disability at 12-14 years. Disability changed between 5-7 and 12-14 years in 55% of survivors, improving in 23%. Late changes in disability between 5-7 and 12-14 years were associated with self-perceptions of locus of control as being 'powerful others' at 5-7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Disability is common 12-14 years after hospital admission with a HI. For some there is a dynamic process of change in disability over time that is associated with self-perceptions of control that could be a target for intervention based research.
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“Nevertheless, uncertainty remains as to how early TBI exposure is related to a broader set of specific medical and social functioning outcomes in adulthood [10,21,22], such as premature mortality, disability pension, and educational attainment.”
From Long-Term Outcomes Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury in Childhood and Adolescence: A Nationwide Swedish Cohort Study of a Wide Range of Medical and Social Outcomes (2016) · cites this paper as [10]
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“Epidemiological studies have consistently found higher rates of adverse outcomes in adults who have sustained a TBI when compared to the general population [7–16].”
From Long-Term Outcomes Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury in Childhood and Adolescence: A Nationwide Swedish Cohort Study of a Wide Range of Medical and Social Outcomes (2016) · cites this paper as [10]
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“Similar results have been reported in studies examining global disability indices [10], such as the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) [21].”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Inflammation after trauma: Microglial activation and traumatic brain injury
Ramlackhansingh, A. F., Brooks, D. J., Greenwood, R. J., Bose, S. K., Turkheimer, F. E., Kinnunen, K. M., Gentleman, S., Heckemann, R. A., Gunanayagam, K., Gelosa, G., et al. (2011) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.22455 · Cited by 999
White matter damage and cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury
Kinnunen, K. M., Greenwood, R., Powell, J. H., Leech, R., Hawkins, P. C. T., Bonnelle, V., Patel, M. C., Counsell, S. J., & Sharp, D. J. (2010) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awq347 · Cited by 685
Network dysfunction after traumatic brain injury
Sharp, D. J., Scott, G., & Leech, R. (2014) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2014.15 · Cited by 657
The chronic and evolving neurological consequences of traumatic brain injury
Wilson, L., Stewart, W., Dams-O'Connor, K., Diaz-Arrastia, R., Horton, L., Menon, D. K., & Polinder, S. (2017) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(17)30279-x · Cited by 607
Loane, D. J., Kumar, A., Stoica, B. A., Cabatbat, R., & Faden, A. I. (2014) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0000000000000021 · Cited by 498
“In a prospective cohort of more than 200 TBI survivors followed for up to 12 to 14 years, neurobehavioral disability worsened over time in a significant number (25).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- McMillan, T. M., Teasdale, G. M., & Stewart, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Corresponding author
- McMillan, Thomas M
- Venue
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2012-05-29
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1086-1091
- ISSN
- 0022-3050 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-330X
- OpenAlex
- W2162231203
- Cited by
- 315
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 21.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Trauma and Emergency Care Studies
- Keywords
- traumatic brain injury, long-term outcomes, disability, adolescents, young adults, Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended, mortality, self-esteem, locus of control, psychological well-being, alcohol consumption, health status, age at injury
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Disability Evaluation, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Craniocerebral Trauma, Health Status, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Glasgow Outcome Scale
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