Alterations in cognitive performance and affect-arousal state during fluctuations in motor function in Parkinson's disease.
Open accessAbstract
Sixteen patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease were selected who were all showing severe fluctuations in motor function ("on-off" phenomenon). Measures of cognitive function and of subjective affect/arousal state were taken on two occasions, once when "on" and once when "off". Twenty-five matched normal controls were also assessed on the same measures. Results revealed, on the average, a drop in cognitive function plus an adverse swing in affect/arousal state, in the patient group in the "off" condition, compared to the levels when "on". Analysis of the data suggested that the main factor associated with cognitive function when "off" was not the severity of disability but the level of affect/arousal. The fluctuations in cognitive function found tended to be mild relative to the severe changes in motor ability, and were present in only a proportion of patients.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The first therapeutic approach for treating wearing-off related anxiety is to optimize dopamine replacement therapy.
“Therefore, the first therapeutic approach for treating WRA is to optimize the DRT [16].”
From BEWARE: Body awareness training in the treatment of wearing-off related anxiety in patients with Parkinson's disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. (2015) · cites this paper as [16]
The Discussion describes adverse affect/arousal changes during “off” periods but cautions against inferring their cause. The Conclusions call for further investigation of mood and arousal; neither section recommends optimizing dopamine replacement therapy as a first treatment for wearing-off-related anxiety. Searches for that recommendation and for anxiety treatment found no supporting passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Bernheimer, H., Birkmayer, W., Hornykiewicz, O., Jellinger, K. A., & SEITELBERGER, F. (1973) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0022-510x(73)90175-5 · Cited by 2,650 · see citing works
The use of analogue scales in rating subjective feelings
BOND, A., & LADER, M. (1974) · British Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1974.tb02285.x · Cited by 1,972 · see citing works
Alzheimer disease: Evidence for selective loss of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis
Whitehouse, P. J., Price, D. L., Clark, A. W., Coyle, J. T., & DeLong, M. R. (1981) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410100203 · Cited by 1,736 · see citing works
Modification of Parkinsonism — Chronic Treatment with L-Dopa
Cotzias, G. C., Papavasiliou, P. S., & Gellene, R. A. (1969) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm196902132800701 · Cited by 1,287 · see citing works
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
Mussey, J. L. (2018) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781483392271.n535 · Cited by 689 · see citing works
Depression, intellectual impairment, and Parkinson disease
Mayeux, R. P., Stern, Y., Rosen, J. J., & Leventhal, J. (1981) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.31.6.645 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
Basal forebrain neurons in the dementia of Parkinson disease
Whitehouse, P. J., Hedreen, J. C., White, C. L., & Price, D. L. (1983) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410130304 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Parkinson disease, dementia, and alzheimer disease: Clinicopathological correlations
Boller, F., Mizutani, T., Roessmann, U., & Gambetti, P. (1980) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410070408 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Brahams, D. (1983) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(83)90167-8 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Is the mesocortical dopaminergic system involved in Parkinson disease?
Javoy-Agid, F., & Agid, Y. (1980) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.30.12.1326 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
LIEBERMAN, A. N., Dziatolowski, M., Kupersmith, M. J., Serby, M., Goodgold, A. L., Korein, J., & Goldstein, M. (1979) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410060409 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Hakim, A. M., & MATHIESON, G. (1979) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.29.9_part_1.1209 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Relationship of motor symptoms to intellectual deficits in Parkinson disease
Mortimer, J. A., Pirozzolo, F. J., Hansch, E. C., et al. (1982) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.32.2.133 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Anatomical and chemical studies of a nigro-neostriatal projection in the cat
Moore, R. Y., Bhatnagar, R. K., & Heller, A. (1971) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(71)90009-6 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Dementia in Parkinson disease: A neuropsychological analysis
Pirozzolo, F. J., Hansch, E. C., Mortimer, J. A., Webster, D. D., & Kuskowski, M. A. (1982) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/0278-2626(82)90007-0 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Psychiatric disturbances in Parkinson's disease.
Celesia, G. G., & Wanamaker, W. M. (1972) · PubMed · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Bowen, F. P., KAMIENNY, R. S., Burns, M. M., & Yahr, M. D. (1975) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.25.8.701 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
DEMENTIA IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE
Marttila, R. J., & Rinne, U. K. (1976) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1976.tb04375.x · Cited by 193 · see citing works
“Tip‐of‐the‐tongue” phenomenon in Parkinson disease
Matison, R., Mayeux, R. P., Rosen, J. J., & Fahn, S. (1982) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.32.5.567 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Henke, H., & Lang, W. (1983) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)90880-6 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
PATHOLOGICAL BASIS FOR NEUROTRANSMITTER CHANGES IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE
Mann, D. M. A., & Yates, P. O. (1983) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.1983.tb00320.x · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Parkinsonism: Alterations in spatial orientation as determined by a route-walking test
Bowen, F. P., Hoehn, M. M. M., & Yahr, M. D. (1972) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(72)90027-9 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Substantia nigra dopamine neurons: separate populations project to neostriatum and allocortex
Fallon, J. H., Riley, J. N., & Moore, R. Y. (1978) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(78)90160-x · Cited by 150 · see citing works
High Speed Memory Scanning in Parkinsonism
Wilson, R. S., Kaszniak, A. W., Klawans, H. L., et al. (1980) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(80)80022-0 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
The pathology of Parkinsonism: a comparison of degenerations in cerebral cortex and brainstem.
Ec, A., Ls, F., Kusske, J. A., et al. (1974) · PubMed · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Neurochemistry of Parkinson's disease: relation between striatal and limbic dopamine.
Price, K. S., Farley, I. J., & Hornykiewicz, O. (1978) · PubMed · Cited by 130 · see citing works
MENTAL SYMPTOMS IN PARKINSONIAN PATIENTS TREATED WITH L-DOPA
Jenkins, R., & Groh, R. (1970) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(70)92535-3 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Physical disability and mental health in old age
Kay, D. W. K., & Bergman, K. (1966) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(66)90128-0 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
The enigma of the basal ganglia and movement
MARSDEN, C. D. (1980) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(80)90103-4 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationSome psychological factors in Parkinsonism
Horn, S. R. G.-V. (1974) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.37.1.27 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Judgment of the visual vertical and horizontal in patients with parkinsonism
Danta, G., & Hilton, R. C. (1975) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.25.1.43 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONING OF PERSONS WITH IDIOPATHIC PARKINSONISM
Garron, D. C., Klawans, H. L., & Narin, F. (1972) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-197206000-00007 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Brown, G., & Wilson, W. P. (1972) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/00007611-197205000-00008 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Cerebral atrophy in Parkinsonism
Selby, G. (1968) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0022-510x(68)90034-8 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Asymmetrical Cognitive Deterioration in Demented and Parkinson Patients
Bentin, S., Silverberg, R., & Gordon, H. W. (1981) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(81)80060-3 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Levodopa's awakening effect on patients with Parkinsonism
Marsh, G. G., Markham, C. M., & Ansel, R. (1971) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.34.3.209 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Intellectual Changes Associated With Levodopa Therapy
Meier, M. J. (1970) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1970.03170290061017 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Levodopa and psychometric test performance in parkinsonism–5 years later
Riklan, M., Whelihan, W. M., & CULLINAN, T. (1976) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.26.2.173 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
A note on alterations of personal orientation in Parkinsonism
Bowen, F. P., Burns, M. M., Brady, E. M., et al. (1976) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(76)90071-3 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Memory disturbance and the Parkinson syndrome
Warburton, J. (1967) · British Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1967.tb00566.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Studies on mesocortical dopamine systems.
Thierry, A. M., Tassin, J., Blanc, G., et al. (1978) · PubMed · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients With Parkinson's Disease
LAVY, S., Melamed, E., Cooper, G., et al. (1979) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1979.00500420054005 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The significance of cerebral atrophy for the symptomatology of Parkinson's disease
Schneider, E., Fischer, P.-A., Jacobi, P. R., et al. (1979) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0022-510x(79)90050-9 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Portin, R. I., Raininko, R., & Rinne, U. K. (1984) · PubMed · Cited by 25 · see citing works
AN ATTEMPT TO TEST HIGH‐GRADE INTELLIGENCE 1
Heim, A. W. (1947) · British Journal of Psychology General Section · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1947.tb01122.x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
L-Dopa in the Treatment of Post-Surgical Parkinson Patients
Wycis, H. T., Cunningham, W., Kellett, G., et al. (1970) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1970.32.3.0281 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
L-Dopa and Parkinsonism: A Psychological Assessment
Haugen, M. P. (1974) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/54.3.321a · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Learned helplessness and depression among Israeli women.
Rosenbaum, M., & Shichman, S. (1979) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(197904)35:2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
L-Dopa and Parkinsonism;: A psychological assessment
Riklan, M. (1973) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- 7Bowen FP, Kammienny RS, Burns MM, Yahr MD. Par- kinsonism: effects of L-dopa treatment on concept formation. Neurology (Minneap) 1975;25:701-4.
- Bernheimer H, Birkmayer W, Hornykiewicz 0, Jellinger K, Seitelberger F. Brain dopamine and the syndromes of Parkinson and Huntington. J Neurol Sci 1973;20:415-55.
- Alvord EC, Forno LS, Kusske JA, Kauffman RJ, Rhodes JS, Goetowski CR. The pathology of Parkin- sonism: a comparison of degeneration in cerebral cor- tex and brainstem. Adv Neurol 1974;5:175-93. '
- Hakim AH, Mathieson G. Dementia in Parkinson's dis- ease: a neuropathologic study. Neurology (Minneap) 1979;29: 1209-14.
- Portin R, Rinne UK. Neuropsychological responses of Parkinsonian patients to long-term levodopa therapy. In: Rinne UK, Klinger M, Stamm G, eds. Parkinson's Disease. Current Progress, Problems and Manage- ment. Amsterdam. Elsevier, 1980:270-304.
- Garron DC, Klawans HL, Narin F. Intellectual function- ing in persons with idiopathic Parkinsonism. J Nerv Ment Dis 1972;154:445-52.
- Marsden CD. On-off phenomenon in Parkinson disease. In: Rinne UK, Klinger M, Stamm G, eds. Parkinson's Disease: Current Progress, Problems and Manage- ment. Amsterdam. Elsevier, 1980:240-53.
- Powell GE. The relationship between intelligence and verbal and spatial memory. J Clin Psychol 1979;35: 335-40.
- Post F. The relationship to physical health of the affec- tive illnesses in the elderly. In: Proceedings 18th Inter- national Congress of Gerontology. Washington DC, 1969.
- Nie NH, Hull CH, Jenkins JG, Steinerenner K, Bent DH. SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. 2nd ed, New York. McGraw Hill, 1970. 463 464
- Marsden CD. The mysterious motor function of the basal Brown, Marsden, Quinn, Wyke ganglia. Neurology (NY) 1982;32:514-39.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nonmotor fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease: Frequent and disabling
Witjas, T., Kaphan, E., Azulay, J. P., Blin, O., Ceccaldi, M., Pouget, J., Poncet, M., & Chérif, A. A. (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.59.3.408 · Cited by 642 · see citing works
Ghielen, I., van Wegen, E. E. H., Rutten, S., de Goede, C. J. T., Houniet-de Gier, M., Collette, E. H., Burgers-Bots, I. A. L., Twisk, J. W. R., Kwakkel, G., Vermunt, K., et al. (2017) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.09.008 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Ghielen, I., van den Heuvel, O. A., de Goede, C. J. T., Houniet-de Gier, M., Collette, E. H., Burgers-Bots, I. A. L., Rutten, S., Kwakkel, G., Vermunt, K., van Vliet, B., et al. (2015) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0804-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“When the dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) takes effect and symptoms become less prominent, the patient is in the ‘on’ state.”
BackgroundInfluential
- Authors
- Brown, R. G., Marsden, C. D., Quinn, N., & Wyke, M. A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1984-05-01
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 454-465
- ISSN
- 0022-3050 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1027819
- OpenAlex
- W2111171237
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 5.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- King's College London
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, on-off phenomenon, motor fluctuations, cognitive function, affect, arousal, mood, cognitive impairment, dopaminergic therapy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Age Factors, Aged, Arousal, Cognition, Corpus Striatum, Dopamine, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Parkinson Disease, Regression Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
