The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 23 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth
Open accessAbstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to determine how combinations of physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and sleep were associated with important health indicators in children and youth aged 5–17 years. Online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTdiscus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) were searched for relevant studies examining the relationship between time spent engaging in different combinations of PA, SB, and sleep with the following health indicators: adiposity, cardiometabolic biomarkers, physical fitness, emotional regulation/psychological distress, behavioural conduct/pro-social behaviour, cognition, quality of life/well-being, injuries, bone density, motor skill development, and self-esteem. PA had to be objectively measured, while sleep and SB could be objectively or subjectively measured. The quality of research evidence and risk of bias for each health indicator and for each individual study was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. A total of 13 cross-sectional studies and a single prospective cohort study reporting data from 36 560 individual participants met the inclusion criteria. Children and youth with a combination of high PA/high sleep/low SB had more desirable measures of adiposity and cardiometabolic health compared with those with a combination of low PA/low sleep/high SB. Health benefits were also observed for those with a combination of high PA/high sleep (cardiometabolic health and adiposity) or high PA/low SB (cardiometabolic health, adiposity and fitness), compared with low PA/low sleep or low PA/high SB. Of the 3 movement behaviours, PA (especially moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA) was most consistently associated with desirable health indicators. Given the lack of randomized trials, the overall quality of the available evidence was low.
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Claims the paper makes
26 Not checked yet · 22 Own method · 19 Own result · 9 No basis given · 8 Own interpretation
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After screening, 14 studies reporting data from 9 different datasets met all inclusion criteria (See Table 1).”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Description of studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“All 3 of these studies reported that individuals with a combination of high PA/low SB/high sleep had lower adiposity and/or risk of overweight than those with a combination of low PA/high SB/low sleep.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Adiposity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We did not identify any papers reporting the relationship between combinations of movement behaviours and emotional regulation/psychological distress, behavioural conduct/pro-social behaviour, cognition, quality of life/ well-being, or injuries.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Description of studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These papers presented results from 36 560 individual participants from 20 countries.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Description of studies
plainn = 36,560- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Health benefits were also observed for those with a combination of high PA/high sleep (cardiometabolic health and adiposity) or high PA/low SB (cardiometabolic health, adiposity and fitness), compared with low PA/low sleep or low PA/high SB.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All 8 studies reported that individuals with a combination of high PA/low SB had lower measures of adiposity and/or reduced prevalence of overweight/obesity than those with low PA/high SB.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Adiposity
plaincorrelationaln = 8- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“One study (Laurson et al. 2014) also reported that in comparison with meeting all 3 recommended guidelines for steps/ day, screen time, and sleep, meeting 2, 1, or none of the guidelines was associated with 2.6 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-6.5),4.7 (95% CI: 1.9-11.3),and 8.2 (95% CI: 3.2-32.1)times increased odds of obesity, respectively.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Adiposity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Laurson et al. 2014
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Children and youth with a combination of high PA/high sleep/low SB had more desirable measures of adiposity and cardiometabolic health compared with those with a combination of low PA/low sleep/high SB.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“Children and youth with a combination of high PA/high sleep/low SB (best combination) had favourable measures of adiposity and cardiometabolic health, when compared with those with a combination of low PA/low sleep/high SB (worst combination).”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 560- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Adiposity was reported in 10 cross-sectional studies, representing 7 unique datasets, and 30 746 individual participants (Aggio et al. 2015;Chaput et al. 2014b;De Bourdeaudhuij et al. 2013;Ekelund et al. 2012;Herman et al. 2014;Hjorth et al. 2014b;Katzmarzyk et al. 2015;Laurson et al. 2008Laurson et al. , 2014;;Loprinzi et al. 2015) (Table 2).”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Adiposity
plainn = 30,746- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Health benefits were also observed for those with a combination of high PA/high sleep (cardiometabolic health and adiposity) or high PA/low SB (cardiometabolic health, adiposity and fitness), compared with low PA/low sleep or low PA/high SB.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 30
- Probably not a substantial claim. 32
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, it was determined that a meta-analysis was not possible because of high levels of heterogeneity for the above characteristics across studies, and a narrative synthesis was performed for each health indicator instead.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Data synthesis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Meta-analysis was not possible because of high levels of heterogeneity across studies.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the 14 included studies, 10 reported on adiposity (Aggio et al. 2015;Chaput et al. 2014b;De Bourdeaudhuij et al. 2013;Ekelund et al. 2012;Herman et al. 2014;Hjorth et al. 2014b;Katzmarzyk et al. 2015;Laurson et al. 2008Laurson et al. , 2014;;Loprinzi et al. 2015), 3 on cardiometabolic risk factors (de Moraes et al. 2013;Ekelund et al. 2012;Hjorth et al. 2014a), and 3 on cardiorespiratory or mus”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Description of studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“PA was measured with pedometers in 2 studies (Laurson et al. 2008(Laurson et al. , 2014)), while the rest used accelerometers.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Measurement of movement behaviours
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sleep was objectively measured in 3 studies (Chaput et al. 2014b;Hjorth et al. 2014aHjorth et al. , 2014b)), and self-reported in 1 study (Laurson et al. 2014).”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Measurement of movement behaviours
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After title and abstract review, 71 papers remained and were retrieved for full-text review.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Description of studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All studies were published in 2008 or later, with participants ranging from 4-18 years of age (the mean age was between 5.0 and 17.9 years).”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Description of studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“SB was objectively measured using accelerometers in 12 studies (Aggio et al. 2015;Chaput et al. 2014b;De Bourdeaudhuij et al. 2013;de Moraes et al. 2013;Ekelund et al. 2012;Martinez-Gomez et al. 2011;Herman et al. 2014;Hjorth et al. 2014aHjorth et al. , 2014b;;Katzmarzyk et al. 2015;Loprinzi et al. 2015;Santos et al. 2014), and self-reported in 4 studies (Herman et al. 2014;Hjorth et al. 2014b;La”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Measurement of movement behaviours
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Hjorth et al. (2014a) employed a longitudinal design with a 200-day follow-up, while all other studies employed cross-sectional designs.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Description of studies
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hjorth et al. 2014a
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A total of 13 cross-sectional studies and a single prospective cohort study reporting data from 36 560 individual participants met the inclusion criteria.”
- Also stated in: § Description of studies · plain
“After screening, 14 studies reporting data from 9 different datasets met all inclusion criteria (See Table 1).These papers presented results from 36 560 individual participants from 20 countries.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Abstract
plainn = 36,560- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Description of studies · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A total of 489 unique citations were eligible for inclusion (134 from CINAHL, 352 identified during the screening process of the 3 parallel systematic reviews, and 3 nominated by the research team) (Fig. 1).”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Description of studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was no influence on grip strength when replacing SB or LPA with MVPA, or on any indicator when replacing SB with LPA.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Musculoskeletal fitness
plainn = 353- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Further, the majority of studies compared only the best and worst combinations of behaviours (e.g., high PA/high sleep/low SB vs low PA/low sleep/high SB), without directly comparing intermediate combinations.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Areas for future research
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our results also suggest that among the 3 movement behaviours, health benefits were most consistently associated with high levels of PA, and especially MVPA.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“and better musculoskeletal fitness in children (Aggio et al. 2015)”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Aggio et al. 2015
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“Both studies reported that participants in both the high MVPA/low SB and low MVPA/low SB groups had higher odds of having a high cardiorespiratory fitness compared with those with low MVPA/high SB, although in 1 study (Martinez-Gomez et al. 2011) this was observed in females only.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Cardiorespiratory fitness
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Martinez-Gomez et al. 2011
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Both studies also reported higher maximal oxygen uptake in the high MVPA/low SB group, compared with the low MVPA/high SB group, although 1 study (Martinez-Gomez et al. 2011) observed this in females only.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Cardiorespiratory fitness
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Martinez-Gomez et al. 2011
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“One study (Ekelund et al. 2012) found that those in higher tertiles of MVPA had lower systolic blood pressure, fasting insulin and fasting triglycerides, and higher values of HDL cholesterol across tertiles of SB.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Cardiometabolic health
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ekelund et al. 2012
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“High sleep/low SB was associated with more favourable markers of cardiometabolic health, but not adiposity, compared with low sleep/high SB.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The estimates from the isotemporal substitution models suggested that replacing 60 min/day of SB with MVPA was associated with a 16-cm longer horizontal jump distance, and a 4.7-cm greater sit and reach flexibility score.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Musculoskeletal fitness
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Aggio et al. 2015
hedgedcorrelationaln = 353- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The present review identified several important research gaps in the published literature.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Areas for future research
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“However, in that study, the authors simply examined the benefits of meeting 1 or more guideline, with all guidelines being treated as equivalent.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Areas for future research
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Laurson et al. (2014)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To date, no one has examined whether meeting the guidelines for specific behaviours (e.g., sleep vs PA vs SB) have similar associations with health indicators in school-aged children and youth.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Areas for future research
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, only 4 studies (representing 3 separate datasets) looked at combinations of all 3 movement behaviours, with the majority of included studies focusing on only 2 behaviours (typically PA and SB).”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Areas for future research
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The electronic search strategy was developed in consultation with a librarian with expertise in systematic reviews (Margaret Sampson) and peer reviewed by a second librarian (Linda Slater).”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Search strategy
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Any discrepancies between reviewers were decided by consensus, or by a third reviewer if required.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Study selection and data collection
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reviewers were not blinded to the authors or journals when extracting data.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Study selection and data collection
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Titles and abstracts of potentially relevant articles were screened by 2 independent reviewers using DistillerSR software (Evidence Partners, Ottawa, Ont., Canada).”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Study selection and data collection
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Given the lack of randomized trials, the overall quality of the available evidence was low.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The quality of research evidence and risk of bias for each health indicator and for each individual study was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework.”
- Also stated in: § Quality assessment · plain
“The overall quality of research evidence for each health indicator was assessed using the GRADE framework (Balshem et al. 2011).”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Balshem et al. 2011
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § Quality assessment · plain
In the paper
“This systematic review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/;ID: CRD42015015493), and follows the PRISMA guidelines for the transparent reporting of systematic reviews (Moher et al. 2009).”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Materials and methods
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Moher et al. 2009
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Potentially eligible articles were obtained for full-text review, which was performed by 2 independent reviewers.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Study selection and data collection
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Prior to the search process, health indicators of relevance to movement behaviour guidelines for school-aged children and youth were identified by a 26-member expert group, each with expertise in 1 or more of PA, SB, or sleep, in accordance with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework (Guyatt et al. 2011a).”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Health indicators
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Guyatt et al. 2011a
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data extraction was completed by 1 reviewer and checked by another for accuracy.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Study selection and data collection
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall quality of evidence for each study design within each health indicator was evaluated by 1 reviewer and verified by the larger review team.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Quality assessment
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These papers showed no serious risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness, or imprecision and were therefore not downgraded from the initial rating of low quality.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Cardiometabolic health
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The quality of evidence was downgraded for any health indicator if there were limitations because of risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, or other factors.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Quality assessment
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Following the GRADE framework, the quality of evidence ratings began as high when summarizing evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and low for all other study designs.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Quality assessment
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Factors positively and negatively affecting the quality of individual studies were recorded by 1 reviewer, and reviewed by another.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Quality assessment
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Only objective measures of PA (e.g., accelerometry, heart rate monitors, pedometers, arm bands, etc.) were included in this review, while objective and subjective measures were included for both SB and sleep.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Inclusion criteria
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: Subjective measures of PA typically focus exclusively on moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA).
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, at present it remains unclear how different combinations of PA, SB, and sleep relate to these important health indicators in the school-aged population.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Areas for future research
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If there were no serious overall quality of evidence limitations identified, all studies could be upgraded based on large effect sizes, while nonrandomized studies could be upgraded based on dose-response evidence, and crosssectional studies could be upgraded based on a gradient of higher exposure with higher/lower outcome.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Quality assessment
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Observational studies (e.g., cross-sectional, prospective or retrospective cohorts, and case-control studies) were required to have a minimum sample size of 300 participants; randomized controlled trials and other intervention studies were required to have at least 30 participants in the intervention group.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Inclusion criteria
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The minimum sample size thresholds of 300 for observational studies and 30 for intervention studies are appropriate.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This review employed a rigorous and systematic methodology, which was prospectively registered using PROSPERO (CRD42015015493), and followed the PRISMA guidelines (Moher et al. 2009) and GRADE methodology (Higgins and Green 2011).”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Strengths and limitations
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Moher et al. 2009
- Not checked yetcites Higgins and Green 2011
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it is unclear how they compare to children with low PA/high sleep/low SB, or other intermediate combinations.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Areas for future research
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, the strength of our conclusions is limited by the small number of included studies and total lack of intervention studies assessing movement behaviours during the full 24-h period.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Strengths and limitations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consistent with the other reviews done in parallel with the present review, only studies including objective measures of PA were included.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Strengths and limitations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The search strategy was developed in consultation with a research librarian with expertise in systematic review methodologies (Margaret Sampson).”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Strengths and limitations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Further, those with high PA/high sleep, and high PA/low SB are also likely to experience health benefits, when compared with low PA/low sleep, or low PA/high SB.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Conclusions
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite the comprehensive search process, we did not investigate grey or other unpublished literature, which may have resulted in some relevant studies being left out.”
§ Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth 1 > Strengths and limitations
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The evidence on combinations of movement behaviours has yet to be systematically reviewed or synthesized.
“Researchers have recently begun to compare the health impacts of specific combinations of these movement behaviours, but this evidence has yet to be systematically reviewed or synthesized.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Meta-analysis was not possible because of high levels of heterogeneity across studies.
“However, it was determined that a meta-analysis was not possible because of high levels of heterogeneity for the above characteristics across studies, and a narrative synthesis was performed for each health indicator instead.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Subjective measures of PA typically focus exclusively on moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA).
“whereas subjective measures of PA typically focus exclusively on moderate-to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA).”
The paper relies on this without support.
The minimum sample size thresholds of 300 for observational studies and 30 for intervention studies are appropriate.
“Observational studies (e.g., cross-sectional, prospective or retrospective cohorts, and case-control studies) were required to have a minimum sample size of 300 participants; randomized controlled trials and other intervention studies were required to have at least 30 participants in the intervention group.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep can be meaningfully classified into high/low categories to examine associations with health indicators.
“the majority of studies compared only the best and worst combinations of behaviours (e.g., high PA/high sleep/low SB vs low PA/low sleep/high SB)”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This is in line with current recommendations and previous research showing that MVPA, screen time and sleep duration are the components of the 24-h day that are more strongly associated with obesity and other health outcomes [2, 4, 11, 14].”
From Proportion of children meeting recommendations for 24-hour movement guidelines and associations with adiposity in a 12-country study (2016) · cites this paper as [11]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“The systematic review by Saunders et al. [25] on the associations between different combinations of physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep duration with health indicators in children and adolescents is 5 years old and only included studies with objectively-measured physical activity.”
In the citing paper
“To date, evidence addressing the third research gap area identified by Saunders et al. [25] is still limited.”
In the citing paper
“How combinations of these movements behaviors are associated with obesity is largely unknown as few studies have examined the influence of meeting specific movement behavior recommendation combinations and obesity, and only a subset have considered sleep duration as a health-related risk behavior in combined analyses [11–18].”
From Proportion of children meeting recommendations for 24-hour movement guidelines and associations with adiposity in a 12-country study (2016) · cites this paper as [11]
Citations
Cites
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & the PRISMA Group* (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135 · Cited by 37,554
GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence
Balshem, H., Helfand, M., Schünemann, H. J., Oxman, A. D., Kunz, R., Brozek, J., Vist, G. E., Falck-Ytter, Y., Meerpohl, J., & Norris, S. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015 · Cited by 8,285 · cited 2×
“The overall quality of research evidence for each health indicator was assessed using the GRADE framework (Balshem et al. 2011).”
MethodJanssen, I., & LeBlanc, A. G. (2010) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-7-40 · Cited by 4,829
Self-citationGRADE guidelines: 4. Rating the quality of evidence—study limitations (risk of bias)
Guyatt, G. H., Oxman, A. D., Vist, G., Kunz, R., Brozek, J., Alonso-Coello, P., Montori, V., Akl, E. A., Djulbegovic, B., & Falck-Ytter, Y. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.017 · Cited by 2,798 · cited 5×
“And for indirectness, we considered all studies reporting the outcome, and examined whether studies included the populations, interventions, comparators, or outcomes of interest (Guyatt et al. 2011c).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialGRADE guidelines 6. Rating the quality of evidence—imprecision
Guyatt, G. H., Oxman, A. D., Kunz, R., Brozek, J., Alonso-Coello, P., Rind, D., Devereaux, P. J., Montori, V. M., Freyschuss, B., Vist, G., et al. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.01.012 · Cited by 2,693 · cited 5×
“And for indirectness, we considered all studies reporting the outcome, and examined whether studies included the populations, interventions, comparators, or outcomes of interest (Guyatt et al. 2011c).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialGRADE guidelines: 7. Rating the quality of evidence—inconsistency
Guyatt, G. H., Oxman, A. D., Kunz, R., Woodcock, J., Brozek, J., Helfand, M., Alonso-Coello, P., Glasziou, P., Jaeschke, R., Akl, E. A., et al. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.03.017 · Cited by 2,320 · cited 5×
“And for indirectness, we considered all studies reporting the outcome, and examined whether studies included the populations, interventions, comparators, or outcomes of interest (Guyatt et al. 2011c).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPoitras, V. J., Gray, C. E., Borghese, M. M., Carson, V., Chaput, J.-P., Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Pate, R. R., Connor Gorber, S., Kho, M. E., et al. (2016) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2015-0663 · Cited by 2,217 · cited 6×
“Articles identified as potentially relevant during the screening process of the other 3 systematic reviews (Carson et al. 2016; Chaput et al. 2016; Poitras et al. 2016) were also added to the database for de-duplication.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationSystematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth.
Tremblay, M. S., LeBlanc, A. G., Kho, M. E., Saunders, T. J., Larouche, R., Colley, R. C., Goldfield, G., & Gorber, S. (2011) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-98 · Cited by 2,085 · cited 3×
“2016), as well as with reviews performed to inform previous Canadian movement guidelines (Janssen and LeBlanc 2010; Tremblay et al. 2011).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationMeta-Analysis of Short Sleep Duration and Obesity in Children and Adults
Cappuccio, F. P., Taggart, F. M., Kandala, N.-B., Currie, A., Peile, E., Stranges, S., & Miller, M. A. (2008) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/31.5.619 · Cited by 2,076 · cited 1×
“Over the past decade an increasing number of studies have highlighted the independent health benefits of high physical activity (PA), low sedentary behaviour (SB), and sufficient sleep among school-aged children (Cappuccio et al. 2008; Janssen and LeBlanc 2010; Tremblay et al. 2011).”
BackgroundGRADE guidelines: 2. Framing the question and deciding on important outcomes
Guyatt, G. H., Oxman, A. D., Kunz, R., Atkins, D., Brozek, J., Vist, G., Alderson, P., Glasziou, P., Falck-Ytter, Y., & Schünemann, H. J. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.09.012 · Cited by 1,911
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Guyatt G.H., 2011, Framing the question and deciding on important outcomes. J. Clin. Epidemiol., 64, 395
Cited by
Sorted by citations
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(2016) · Promotion de la santé et prévention des maladies chroniques au Canada · doi:10.24095/hpcdp.36.12.07f
Bláha, L., & Heidler, J. (2022) · Acta Gymnica · doi:10.5507/ag.2022.006
“…is necessary to strive to evaluate physical behavior as a whole in the form of a 24-hour evaluation of energy output according to current models of movement behavior and non-movement behavior (Tremblay et al., 2017), physical activities play a pivotal role in these models (Saunders et al., 2016).”
BackgroundThe Healthy Lifestyle Habits Screening Questionnaire: A pilot study in the Canary Islands
de León, S. C., Jiménez, J. E., Quintana, L. P., González-Martín, J. M., & Medina, Y. N. (2022) · Endocrinología Diabetes y Nutrición · doi:10.1016/j.endinu.2021.12.009
Pascual, M. B. (2021) · Revista Española de Educación Física y Deportes · doi:10.55166/reefd.vi432.975
Salman, U., & Sarı, İ. (2019) · DergiPark (Istanbul University)
INTERVENÇÕES EDUCATIVAS COM ADOLESCENTES NA ESCOLA
Silva, M. C. D. A., França, S. A., Dias, M. C., et al. (2022) · Saberes Plurais Educação na Saúde · doi:10.54909/sp.v6i1.121078
Bhosle, J., Mishra, R., & Das, A. (2022) · International Journal of Physical Education Sports and Health · doi:10.22271/kheljournal.2022.v9.i4e.2735
“…interactions between different movement-related behaviours that make up the entire day (24-hour period), such as sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity of all intensities (Chaput et al ., 2014; Saunders et al ., 2016; D. Thompson et al ., 2015; Tremblay et al ., 2010) [6, 25, 28, 30] .”
Protótipo: um aplicativo que pode mudar os níveis de atividade física de crianças e adolescentes
Pereira, E. V., Nunes, R. Z. D. S., & de Farias, J. M. (2023) · Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde · doi:10.12820/rbafs.27e0290
Utesch, T., Stojan, R., Niessner, C., Jetzke, M., Wöll, A., & Utesch, K. (2023) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/hmjdb
The Healthy Lifestyle Habits Screening Questionnaire: A pilot study in the Canary Islands
de León, S. C., Jiménez, J. E., Quintana, L. P., González-Martín, J. M., & Medina, Y. N. (2023) · Endocrinología Diabetes y Nutrición (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.endien.2022.11.022
Lifestyle and Academic Performance Among The Students During COVID-19 Pandemic
Maghanoy, V. S., & Adolfo, M. R. (2023) · ACPES (ASEAN Council of Physical Education and Sport) International Conference (ACPES) · doi:10.4108/eai.28-10-2022.2327387
Physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration of adolescents before and during COVID-19
Moura, A. R. L. I., Moura, M. D. N., Cabral, P. U. L., Carvalho, F. O., & de Moraes, J. F. V. N. (2023) · O Mundo da Saúde · doi:10.15343/0104-7809.202347e13292022i
Atividade física, tempo de tela e duração de sono de adolescentes antes e durante a COVID-19
Moura, A. R. L. I., Moura, M. D. N., Cabral, P. U. L., Carvalho, F. O., & de Moraes, J. F. V. N. (2023) · O Mundo da Saúde · doi:10.15343/0104-7809.202347e13292022p
Students' Way of Life and Academic Performance During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Maghanoy, V. S., & Adolfo, M. R. (2023) · ACPES Journal of Physical Education Sport and Health (AJPESH) · doi:10.15294/ajpesh.v3i1.69102
Dubovaya, A. V., Усенко, Н. А., & Бордюгова, Е. В. (2023) · Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics) · doi:10.21508/1027-4065-2023-68-4-61-xx
Pan, N., Zhao, J.-X., Su, X.-T., Yang, K.-Z., Shi, L., Wang, X., Li, X., & Lin, L. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4593219
Vicente‐Rodríguez, G., Lozano Berges, G., & Gómez‐Bruton, A. (2023) · Universidad de Zaragoza eBooks · doi:10.26754/uz.978-84-18321-63-4
Back to the Basics: A Movement Approach Through Active Play
Zavala, D., Kercher, K. A., & Kercher, V. M. M. (2024) · ACSMʼs Health & Fitness Journal · doi:10.1249/fit.0000000000000945 · Cited by 1
Cano-Cañada, E., Tapia‐Serrano, M. Á., Llanos-Muñoz, R., Rubio‐Morales, A., Lobo-Triviño, D., & Sánchez‐Oliva, D. (2024) · Revista Española de Educación Física y Deportes · doi:10.55166/reefd.v438i1.1116 · Cited by 2
Cano-Cañada, E., Llanos-Muñoz, R., Rubio‐Morales, A., Lobo-Triviño, D., & Tapia‐Serrano, M. Á. (2024) · Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte · doi:10.33155/ramd.v16i3-4.1026
Santo, R. C. D. E., Melo, G. L. R., Dubey, V. P., & Agostinis‐Sobrinho, C. (2024) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2024.10.016
Sports and mind: A systematic review of physical activity and mental well-being in the modern era
Chaeroni, A., Talib, K., Govindasamy, K., Lisna, Y. P., Orhan, B. E., Ahmed, M., & Kurnaz, M. (2024) · doi:10.56984/8zg01a8p7q6
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“The current movement guidelines toward an integrated 24-hour activity approach are built upon the evidence that similar health benefits can be achieved by meeting the recommendations of various combinations of activity domains [18,19].”
Altay, G., & Karaaslan, M. M. (2025) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2025.2493218
“Moreover, behaviors that increase metabolic risk also tend to develop during this critical period (Saunders et al. 2016; Zhang et al. 2023).”
Comportamentos de Movimento de 24 horas em Crianças e Adolescentes: Protocolo de Revisão de Escopo
Rocha, K. B. D. S., Júnior, R. D. S. W., Feitosa, S. B., et al. (2025) · Cuadernos de Educación y Desarrollo · doi:10.55905/cuadv17n4-164
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“Various studies have shown that these behaviors do not occur in isolation; rather, they tend to cluster into specific behavioral patterns that interact with each other [6].”
Pfledderer, C. D., Mullane, E. J., Brown, D. M. Y., et al. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7215360/v1
Zhao, D., Chen, X., Zhang, A., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-15697-z
“Existing research evidence suggests a positive correlation between adolescent participation in sports and meeting recommended physical activity (PA) guidelines 16,17 .”
Nimptsch, K., Jiao, Y., Oliver-Stanley, L., Widmann, J., Jaeschke, L., Steinbrecher, A., Dowd, K., & Pischon, T. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-25776-5 · Cited by 1
A Scoping Review of 24-H Movement Behaviours Research in Chinese Children and Adolescents (Preprint)Preprint
Zhang, F., Su, Y., Zhao, G., & Zhang, J. (2025) · doi:10.2196/preprints.88409
Sun, H., Lu, Z., Guo, J., Bao, Y., Zhang, H., Wang, F., Liu, X., Li, J., Ni, Y., Heng, D., et al. (2025) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.70218
Okely, A. D., Kariippanon, K. E., Guan, H., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14608613
Leduc, G., Gilbert, J., Ayotte, A., Moreau, N., Drapeau, V., Lemoyne, J., Monthuy‐Blanc, J., Tremblay, J., & Mathieu, M.-E. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13662480
He, L., Li, X., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Qu, H., Zhao, Y., & Lin, D. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14252041
Qi, X., Peng, C., Fu, P., Zhu, A., & Jiao, W. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24873123
Wilhite, K. L., del Pozo Cruz, B., Noetel, M., Lonsdale, C., Ridgers, N. D., Maher, C., Bradshaw, E., & Sanders, T. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26606008
Wilhite, K. L., del Pozo Cruz, B., Noetel, M., Lonsdale, C., Ridgers, N. D., Maher, C., Bradshaw, E., & Sanders, T. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26606017
Han, M., Fang, J., Zhang, Y., Song, X., Jin, L., & Ma, Y. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22617895
Lin, D., Chen, D.-D., Huang, J., Li, Y., Wen, X.-S., & Shi, H.-J. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19619487
Wilhite, K. L., del Pozo Cruz, B., Noetel, M., Lonsdale, C., Ridgers, N. D., Maher, C., Bradshaw, E., & Sanders, T. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26606014
Wilhite, K. L., del Pozo Cruz, B., Noetel, M., Lonsdale, C., Ridgers, N. D., Maher, C., Bradshaw, E., & Sanders, T. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26606011
de Mello, G. T., Minatto, G., Costa, R. M., Leech, R. M., Cao, Y., Lee, R. E., & Silva, K. S. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26708714
Downing, K. L., del Pozo Cruz, B., Sanders, T., Zheng, M., Hnatiuk, J. A., Salmon, J., & Hesketh, K. D. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26558108
Leduc, G., Gilbert, J., Ayotte, A., Moreau, N., Drapeau, V., Lemoyne, J., Monthuy‐Blanc, J., Tremblay, J., & Mathieu, M.-E. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13662477
Wang, J., Sankaridurg, P. R., Naduvilath, T. J., Li, W., Morgan, I. G., Rose, K. A., Weng, R., Xu, X., & He, X. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22622965
Downing, K. L., del Pozo Cruz, B., Sanders, T., Zheng, M., Hnatiuk, J. A., Salmon, J., & Hesketh, K. D. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26558117
dos Santos, P. C., Salmon, J., Arundell, L., Lopes, M. V. V., & Silva, K. S. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16807865
Downing, K. L., del Pozo Cruz, B., Sanders, T., Zheng, M., Hnatiuk, J. A., Salmon, J., & Hesketh, K. D. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26558114
Zheng, J., Tan, T. C., Zheng, K., & Huang, T. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26584500
Li, M. H., Sit, C. H. P., Wong, S. H. S., Wing, Y. K., Ng, C. K., & Sum, R. K. W. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.17305989
Haszard, J. J., Jackson, R., Morrison, S., Meredith-Jones, K. A., Galland, B. C., Beebe, D. W., Elder, D. E., & Taylor, R. W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26729548
Downing, K. L., del Pozo Cruz, B., Sanders, T., Zheng, M., Hnatiuk, J. A., Salmon, J., & Hesketh, K. D. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26558111
Zheng, J., Tan, T. C., Zheng, K., & Huang, T. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26584503
Tackling the epidemic of obesity and hypertension in children and young people
Haseler, E., & Sinha, M. D. (2026) · Current Opinion in Nephrology & Hypertension · doi:10.1097/mnh.0000000000001156 · Cited by 2
Vávra, L., Suchomel, A., Kuprová, K., Kupr, J., Čaplová, P., Knopová, L., Vrchovecká, P., Šeflová, I., Jeřábek, P., Charousek, J., et al. (2026) · Tělesná kultura · doi:10.5507/tk.2025.002
Wang, A., Yan, P., Tuo, W., et al. (2026) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/jir.70093
Tézier, B., Haddad, S. H. S., Bélanger, R. E., Dion, C. B., Leatherdale, S. T., & Turcotte‐Tremblay, A. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8704490/v1
Go Go Gadget GoBot: Leaning into the Novelty Effect for Reengagement with Modular Robotic Hardware
Helmi, A., Mayoral, R., Wang, T., Logan, S. W., & Fitter, N. T. (2026) · International Journal of Social Robotics · doi:10.1007/s12369-025-01344-0
Sadia, F., Frank-Wilson, A. W., Patel, N. B., Bélanger, M. F., BRUSSONI, M. J., Faulkner, G., Gunnell, K. E., Tremblay, M. S., & Larouche, R. (2026) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2025-0213
Self-citationFranchini, C., Bertolotti, E., Biasini, B., Panfilis, C. D., Esposito, S., Rosi, A., & Scazzina, F. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18071017
“In addition, a growing body of literature has highlighted the role of sleep behavior in the overall health status and well-being of children and adolescents [13–15], including cognitive functions, physiological mechanisms, emotion regulation, physical growth, and quality of life [16].”
Etude des comportements de mouvement sur 24h : de la méta analyse à l'étude interventionnelle
Rodrigo-Sanjoaquín, J. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/751c895dze8a1z4091z8578z31f15c78b7cc
Melo-Betancourt, L. G., & Marín, J. C. C. (2025) · Hacia la Promoción de la Salud · doi:10.17151/hpsal.2025.30.3.2
“This finding contrasts with previous international evidence, where the association is generally inverse and nonsignificant (38,39).”
Luo, L., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., Bi, S., Zhu, R., Cao, Y., & Hu, Y. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-04535-0
“Previous studies by Tremblay et al. demonstrated that adherence to the 24-HMB guidelines is associated with improved mental health outcomes among adolescents [14], while Saunders et al. reported lower anxiety and depression levels among young adults who met these guidelines [29].”
Neto, A. S., Silva, T. M. D. S., dos Santos, G. C., Francisquini, M. C. J., Dias, P. H. G., Pinzon, G., Costa, B., Machado‐Rodrigues, A. M., & da Costa, B. G. G. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-04766-1
“Therefore, a deeper insight is needed into how PA, ST and SLP interact in various combinations to affect important health indicators, including mental health [18, 19].”
Verreydt, I., Verschuren, O. W., Craemer, M. D., et al. (2026) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2025-0878
24-hour movement behaviours and flourishment in children and adolescentsPreprint
Su, Y. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9536270/v1
Yılmaz, S., GÜNDEM, S., & Kara, S. B. (2026) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-026-27950-9
“Age-stratified BMI measures capture the bidirectional relationship between body weight and PA [64, 65].”
Osojnicki, K., Brandes, B., Brandes, M., Zeeb, H., Vallis, L. A., & Buck, C. (2026) · Journal of Activity Sedentary and Sleep Behaviors · doi:10.1186/s44167-026-00104-3
“Numerous studies have exemplified that youth who engage in higher intensities of PA experience better physical and mental health and enhanced psychosocial wellbeing compared to their more sedentary counterparts [19–21].”
Casellas‐Vidal, D., Font‐Lladó, R., Osiniri, I., et al. (2026) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.72653
Duran, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1858773 · Cited by 1
“However, global evidence suggests that many pre-school-aged children exceed recommended screen exposure levels and do not consistently meet physical activity recommendations (5, 6).”
Collier, A., Buendia, J. R., Ferrel, C., & Bhakta, N. (2026) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/08901171261474441
Neha, Shahbaz, B., Sattar, R. S., & Ashraf, M. K. (2026) · journal of social sciences review · doi:10.62843/jssr.v6i2.727
Katzmarzyk, P. T., Maia, J. A. R., Garbeloto, F., Hedeker, D., Barreira, T. V., Garganta, R., Farias, C. F. G., Tani, G., Chaput, J., & Pereira, S. (2026) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.2025-0016
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“…has been associated with benefits in body composition, cardiometabolic markers, mental health, cognitive development, and quality of life [20,23–26], international evidence indicates low adherence rates: 11.3% (n = 11,768; 23 countries) and 14.3% (n = 7017; 33 countries), with the lowest…”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Saunders, T. J., Gray, C. E., Poitras, V. J., Chaput, J.-P., Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Olds, T., Connor Gorber, S., Kho, M. E., Sampson, M., Tremblay, M. S., & Carson, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Prince Edward Island (CA)
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CA)
- Queen's University (CA)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia.
- Office of the Task Force on Preventive Health Care, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
- McMaster University (CA)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
- Publisher
- Canadian Science Publishing
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 6 (Suppl. 3)
- Pages
- S283-S293
- ISSN
- 1715-5312 (ISSN-L)
- 1715-5320
- OpenAlex
- W2440319744
- Cited by
- 589
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 72 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 10
- FWCI
- 30.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UniSA Research Outputs Repository (University of South Australia) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- IslandScholar (University of Prince Edward Island) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Public Health Agency of Canada
- Public Health Agency
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, children and young people, adiposity, cardiometabolic health, physical fitness, psychological distress, prosocial behavior, cognitive function, quality of life, injuries, bone mineral density, motor skill development, self-esteem, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, health indicators
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Health Status, Humans, Physical Fitness, Quality of Life, Sleep, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Metabolic Syndrome, Adiposity, Sedentary Behavior
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