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Aqueous Ammonia Equilibrium Calculations: Effect of pH and Temperature
Abstract
The toxicity of ammonia to fishes has been attributed to the un-ionized ammonia chemical species present in aqueous solution. Because the percent of total ammonia present as un-ionized ammonia (NH 3) is so dependent upon pH and temperature, an exact understanding of the aqueous ammonia equilibrium is important for toxicity studies. A critical evaluation of the literature data on the ammonia–water equilibrium system has been carried out. Results of calculations of values of pK a at different temperatures and of percent of NH 3 in aqueous ammonia solutions of zero salinity as a function of pH and temperature are presented.
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Citations
Cited by
Camargo, J. A., & Alonso, Á. (2006) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2006.05.002 · Cited by 2,248
Zhang, M., Song, G., Gelardi, D. L., Huang, L., Khan, E., Mašek, O., Parikh, S. J., & Ok, Y. S. (2020) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2020.116303 · Cited by 586
Acclimation and toxicity of high ammonium concentrations to unicellular algae
Collos, Y., & Harrison, P. J. (2014) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.01.006 · Cited by 517
Lalander, C. H., Fidjeland, J., Diener, S., Eriksson, S., & Vinnerås, B. (2015) · Agronomy for Sustainable Development · doi:10.1007/s13593-014-0235-4 · Cited by 355
Maltby, L. (1995) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/0043-1354(94)00231-u · Cited by 115
Metadata
- Authors
- Emerson, K., Russo, R. C., Lund, R. E., & Thurston, R. V.
- Venue
- Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada
- Publisher
- Canadian Science Publishing
- Published
- 1975-12-01
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2379-2383
- ISSN
- 0015-296X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2136050503
- Cited by
- 1,529
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 6.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining (tdm)
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- Emerson, K., Russo, R. C., Lund, R. E., & Thurston, R. V. (1975). Aqueous Ammonia Equilibrium Calculations: Effect of pH and Temperature. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. https://doi.org/10.1139/f75-274
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