Cited by 54,751Lipid metabolism and biosynthesisEdible Oils Quality and AnalysisFood Nutrient Composition and Product Development

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A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION

Bligh, E. G., Dyer, W. J.·1959·Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology

DOI 10.1139/o59-099

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Abstract

Lipid decomposition studies in frozen fish have led to the development of a simple and rapid method for the extraction and purification of lipids from biological materials. The entire procedure can be carried out in approximately 10 minutes; it is efficient, reproducible, and free from deleterious manipulations. The wet tissue is homogenized with a mixture of chloroform and methanol in such proportions that a miscible system is formed with the water in the tissue. Dilution with chloroform and water separates the homogenate into two layers, the chloroform layer containing all the lipids and the methanolic layer containing all the non-lipids. A purified lipid extract is obtained merely by isolating the chloroform layer. The method has been applied to fish muscle and may easily be adapted to use with other tissues.

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A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF TOTAL LIPIDES FROM ANIMAL TISSUES
Folch, J., Lees, M., & Stanley, G. H. S. (1957) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64849-5 · Cited by 65,189
PREPARATION OF LIPIDE EXTRACTS FROM BRAIN TISSUE
Folch, J., Ascoli, I., Lees, M. B., Meath, J. A., & Lebaron, F. N. (1951) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)55987-1 · Cited by 1,341
Storage of Frozen Plaice Fillets
Dyer, W. J., & Morton, M. L. (1956) · Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada · doi:10.1139/f56-007 · Cited by 69
Self-citation
Experimental Determination of Binodal Curves, Plait Points, and Tie Lines, in 50 Systems, each consisting of Water and Two Organic Liquids
Bonner, W. D. (1910) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/j150116a004 · Cited by 46
Acetone–Water Mixtures for the Extraction and Rapid Estimation of Fats of Biological Materials, Particularly Fish Products
Dambergs, N. (1956) · Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada · doi:10.1139/f56-045 · Cited by 18

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BANCROFT W., 1895, Phys. Iiev., 3, 1

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Method
Utilization of Agro-Industrial Residues in the Rearing and Nutritional Enrichment of Zophobas atratus Larvae: New Food Raw Materials
Nascimento, R. Q., Ribeiro, C. V. D. M., Colauto, N. B., et al. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27206963 · Cited by 18
“The Bligh and Dyer [71] method was used to determine the total lipids.”
Method
Advances in methods to analyse cardiolipin and their clinical applications
Bautista, J. S., Falabella, M., Flannery, P. J., Hanna, M. G., Heales, S., Pope, S. A. S., & Pitceathly, R. D. S. (2022) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2022.116808 · Cited by 19
“Several lipid extraction methods have been described; however, the two most widely used are Folch (1957) and Bligh and Dyer (1959) protocols [31,32].”
Method
Inside out Porphyridium cruentum : Beyond the Conventional Biorefinery Concept
Liberti, D., Imbimbo, P., Giustino, E., D’Elia, L., Ferraro, G., Casillo, A., Illiano, A., Pinto, G., Meo, M. C. D., Álvarez‐Rivera, G., et al. (2022) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c05869 · Cited by 19
Habitat types and megabenthos composition from three sponge-dominated high-Arctic seamounts
Stratmann, T., Simon‐Lledó, E., Morganti, T., de Kluijver, A., Vedenin, A. A., & Purser, A. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-25240-z · Cited by 20
Fat content in infant mesenchymal stem cells prospectively associates with childhood adiposity and fasting glucose
Gyllenhammer, L. E., Duensing, A. M., Keleher, M. R., Kechris, K. J., Dabelea, D., & Boyle, K. E. (2022) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.23594 · Cited by 18
“We extracted total lipids using the method of Bligh and Dyer [11].”
Method
Targeted lipidomics coupled with machine learning for authenticating the provenance of chicken eggs
Chin, S., Hoerlendsberger, G., Wong, K. W., et al. (2022) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135366 · Cited by 18
Effects of citrus essential oils on the oxidative stability of microencapsulated fish oil by spray-drying
Durmuş, M., Özoğul, Y., Özyurt, G., Uçar, Y., Köşker, A. R., Yazgan, H., Ibrahim, S. A., & Özoğul, F. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.978130 · Cited by 21
“Bligh & Dyer extraction method (29) was used for total oil determination.”
Method
Enhancement of microalgal biomass productivity through mixotrophic culture process utilizing waste soy sauce and industrial flue gas
Lee, S. Y., Lee, J. S., & Sim, S. J. (2023) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128719 · Cited by 20
Tetraselmis suecica biofilm cell destruction by high-pressure homogenization for protein extraction
Delran, P., Francès, C., Guihéneuf, F., Peydecastaing, J., Pontalier, P.-Y., & Barthe, L. (2023) · Bioresource Technology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.biteb.2023.101372 · Cited by 18
Dietary protection against the visual and motor deficits induced by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Zyla, K., Walton, D. A., Plafker, K. S., Kovats, S., Georgescu, C., Brush, R. S., Tytanic, M., Agbaga, M., & Plafker, S. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1113954 · Cited by 18
“Plasma fatty acid profiles were determined by extracting total lipids from 40 to 50 μl of plasma following the method of Bligh and Dyer (38) with slight modifications (39).”
Method
Nutritional profiling and contaminant levels of five underutilized fish species in Norway
Kendler, S., Thornes, F. W., Jakobsen, A. N., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1118094 · Cited by 18
“TLC: total lipid content as measured in g lipid per g fillet ww from the analysis on total lipids (17).”
Background
A comprehensive toxicological analysis of trans-fatty acids (TFAs) reveals a pro-apoptotic action specific to industrial TFAs counteracted by polyunsaturated FAs
Hirata, Y., Kashiwabara, N., Nada, Y., Inoue, A., Sato, E., Noguchi, T., & Matsuzawa, A. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-32083-9 · Cited by 20
Phosphatidylcholine in bile‐derived small extracellular vesicles as a novel biomarker of cholangiocarcinoma
Muraki, R., Morita, Y., Ida, S., Kitajima, R., Furuhashi, S., Takeda, M., Kikuchi, H., Hiramatsu, Y., Takanashi, Y., Hamaya, Y., et al. (2023) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.5973 · Cited by 18
The microstructure of the starch from the underutilized seed of jaboticaba (Plinia cauliflora)
Miranda, B. M., Almeida, V. O., Terstegen, T. A., et al. (2023) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136145 · Cited by 18
Thermoneutral housing does not accelerate metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in male or female C57Bl/6J mice fed a Western diet
Nunes, J. R. C., Smith, T. K. T., Ghorbani, P., O’Dwyer, C., Trzaskalski, N. A., Dergham, H., Pember, C., Kilgour, M. K., Mulvihill, E. E., & Fullerton, M. D. (2023) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00124.2023 · Cited by 20
The C10orf76–PI4KB axis orchestrates CERT-mediated ceramide trafficking to the distal Golgi
Mizuike, A., Sakai, S., Katoh, K., Yamaji, T., & Hanada, K. (2023) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.202111069 · Cited by 16
“Lipids were extracted from the lysate using Bligh and Dyer ’ s method (Bligh and Dyer, 1959) and separated by TLC, as previously described (Yamaji and Hanada, 2014).”
Method
Characterization of sargassum accumulated on Dominican beaches in 2021: Analysis of heavy, alkaline and alkaline-earth metals, proteins and fats
Liranzo-Gómez, R. E., Gómez, A. M., Gómez, B., et al. (2023) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115120 · Cited by 18
Enhancing the biochemical growth of Haematococcus pluvialis by mitigation of broad-spectrum light stress in wastewater cultures
Mourya, M., Khan, M. J., Sirotiya, V., Ahirwar, A., Schoefs, B., Marchand, J., Varjani, S., & Vinayak, V. (2023) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d3ra01530k · Cited by 18
“…for cultivating H. pluvialis showed that the total COD of SWW initially was found to be 41.71 mg L − 1 , which decreased to 22.49 mg L − 1 on day 32, showing that there was 46% COD removal e ﬃ ciency, mainly for nitrates and ammonium salts since microalgae took their nitrogen requirements…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
The solute carrier SPNS2 recruits PI(4,5)P2 to synergistically regulate transport of sphingosine-1-phosphate
Tang, H., Li, H. Z., Prakaash, D., Pedebos, C., Qiu, X., Sauer, D. B., Khalid, S., Duerr, K. L., & Robinson, C. V. (2023) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2023.06.033 · Cited by 18
Impact of Washing with Antioxidant-Infused Soda–Saline Solution on Gel Functionality of Mackerel (Auxis thazard) Surimi
Thongkam, P., Chaijan, M., Cheong, L., et al. (2023) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods12173178 · Cited by 18
“By using the Bligh and Dyer method [45], the lipid was extracted.”
Method
The Contribution of Biotic Factors in Explaining the Global Distribution of Inorganic Carbon in Surface Soils
Zeng, X., Bastida, F., Plaza, C., Zhou, G., Vera, A., Liu, Y., & Delgado‐Baquerizo, M. (2023) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2023gb007957 · Cited by 20
“Soil bacterial and fungal biomass of each soil sample were assessed using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) method (Bligh & Dyer, 1959; Buyer & Sasser, 2012).”
Method
Multi-Omics Analysis of Circulating Exosomes in Adherent Long-Term Treated OSA Patients
Khalyfa, A., Marín, J. M., Sánz-Rubio, D., Lyu, Z., Joshi, T., & Gozal, D. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242216074 · Cited by 21
“Lipids were isolated from 50 µ g of exosomes from each OSA and OSAT sample, as previously reported [124].”
Method
Critical Factors in Sample Collection and Preparation for Clinical Metabolomics of Underexplored Biological Specimens
de Souza, H. M. R., Pereira, T. T. P., de Sá, H. C., Alves, M. A., Garrett, R., & Canuto, G. A. B. (2024) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo14010036 · Cited by 22
“Lipid analysis performed using LC–MS after the B&D extraction method [69] was applied by Simone Bohnert et al. [115] as an innovative investigative method for CSF postmortem samples to aid interpreting death circumstances in the forensic context.”
Method
A protective role of ABCA5 in response to elevated sphingomyelin levels in Parkinson’s disease
Fu, Y., Pickford, R., Galper, J., Phan, K., Wu, P., Li, H., Kim, Y., Dzamko, N. L., Halliday, G. M., & Kim, W. S. (2024) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-024-00632-2 · Cited by 19
Pre-treatment effects on the composition and functionalities of pigeon pea seed ingredients
Locali-Pereira, A. R., Caruso, Í. P., Rabesona, H., et al. (2024) · Food Hydrocolloids · doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2024.109923 · Cited by 18
Screening for Metal-Chelating Activity in Potato Protein Hydrolysates Using Surface Plasmon Resonance and Peptidomics
Bjørlie, M., Hartmann, J. C., Rasmussen, L. H., et al. (2024) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox13030346 · Cited by 18
“Extraction of oil from emulsions was done based on the method described by Bligh & Dyer [27] using a reduced amount of chloroform/methanol (1:1, w / w ).”
Method
Skin Surface Sebum Analysis by ESI-MS
Isom, M., & Desaire, H. (2024) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom14070790 · Cited by 19
Effects of Silver Carp Antioxidant Peptide on the Lipid Oxidation of Sierra Fish Fillets (Scomberomorus Niphonius ) during Frozen Storage
Qiu, X., Chen, S., & Dong, S. (2013) · Journal of Food Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/jfbc.12035 · Cited by 18
Modulation of Insulin Sensitivity of Hepatocytes by the Pharmacological Downregulation of Phospholipase D
Babenko, N. A., & Kharchenko, V. S. (2015) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2015/794838 · Cited by 18
Regional movement patterns of a small‐bodied shark revealed by stable‐isotope analysis
Munroe, S., Heupel, M. R., Fisk, A. T., Logan, M., & Simpfendorfer, C. A. (2015) · Journal of Fish Biology · doi:10.1111/jfb.12660 · Cited by 18
High levels of glycolipid and low levels of phospholipid in a marine caulobacter
Siervo, A. J. D. (1985) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.164.2.684-688.1985 · Cited by 18
Effects of harvest stage on the total lipid and fatty acid composition of fourCylindrotheca strains
Liang, Y., Kangsen, M., & Shi-chun, S. (2002) · Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology · doi:10.1007/bf02849653 · Cited by 18
In Vitro and In Vivo Enhancement of Antitumoral Activity of Liposomal Antisense Oligonucleotides by Cineole as a Chemical Penetration Enhancer
Moghimi, H. R., Shirazi, F. H., Ardestani, M. S., et al. (2015) · Journal of Nanomaterials · doi:10.1155/2015/967473 · Cited by 18
Paracoccus laeviglucosivorans sp. nov., an l-glucose-utilizing bacterium isolated from soil
Nakamura, A. (2015) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY · doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.000508 · Cited by 18

Authors: Bligh, E. G., & Dyer, W. J.
Venue: Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Published: 1959-08-01
Volume: 37
Issue: 8
Pages: 911-917
ISSN: 0576-5544 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1139/o59-099
OpenAlex: W2152311269
Cited by: 54,751
References: 5
Citations by year: 2026: 1149 · 2025: 1534 · 2024: 1685 · 2023: 1749 · 2022: 1802 · 2021: 2073 · 2020: 2152 · 2019: 1870 · 2018: 1737 · 2017: 1784 · 2016: 1780 · 2015: 1800 · 2014: 1786 · 2013: 1758 · 2012: 1551
FWCI: 8.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining (tdm)
Locations: Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development
Keywords: lipid extraction, lipid purification, chloroform-methanol extraction, frozen fish, lipid degradation, fish muscle, tissue homogenization, rapid extraction method
MeSH terms: Fishes, Lipids

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A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION

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