Cited by 54,751Lipid metabolism and biosynthesisEdible Oils Quality and AnalysisFood Nutrient Composition and Product Development

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A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION

Bligh, E. G., Dyer, W. J.·1959·Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology

DOI 10.1139/o59-099

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Abstract

Lipid decomposition studies in frozen fish have led to the development of a simple and rapid method for the extraction and purification of lipids from biological materials. The entire procedure can be carried out in approximately 10 minutes; it is efficient, reproducible, and free from deleterious manipulations. The wet tissue is homogenized with a mixture of chloroform and methanol in such proportions that a miscible system is formed with the water in the tissue. Dilution with chloroform and water separates the homogenate into two layers, the chloroform layer containing all the lipids and the methanolic layer containing all the non-lipids. A purified lipid extract is obtained merely by isolating the chloroform layer. The method has been applied to fish muscle and may easily be adapted to use with other tissues.

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A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF TOTAL LIPIDES FROM ANIMAL TISSUES
Folch, J., Lees, M., & Stanley, G. H. S. (1957) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64849-5 · Cited by 65,189
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Dyer, W. J., & Morton, M. L. (1956) · Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada · doi:10.1139/f56-007 · Cited by 69
Self-citation
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Bonner, W. D. (1910) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/j150116a004 · Cited by 46
Acetone–Water Mixtures for the Extraction and Rapid Estimation of Fats of Biological Materials, Particularly Fish Products
Dambergs, N. (1956) · Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada · doi:10.1139/f56-045 · Cited by 18

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BANCROFT W., 1895, Phys. Iiev., 3, 1

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“Homogenates were subsequently subjected to a modified Bligh-Dyer lipid extraction 21 in the presence of lipid class internal standards, including 1-0-heptade-canoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1,2-dieicosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.”
Method
Impact of Holocene environmental change on the evolutionary ecology of an Arctic top predator
Westbury, M. V., Brown, S. C., Lorenzen, J., O’Neill, S., Scott, M. B., McCuaig, J., Cheung, C., Armstrong, E., Valdes, P. J., Castruita, J. A. S., et al. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adf3326 · Cited by 11
“8 chloroform:methanol:water, (84) and sonicating for 1 h in a culture tube (Tube I).”
Background
A transcriptional network governing ceramide homeostasis establishes a cytokine-dependent developmental process
Liao, R., Babatunde, A. S., Qiu, S., Harikumar, H., Coon, J. J., Overmyer, K. A., Hannun, Y. A., Luberto, C., & Bresnick, E. H. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-42978-w · Cited by 12
Variations in Composition, Antioxidant Profile, and Physical Traits of Goat Milk within the Semi-Intensive Production System in Mountainous Areas during the Post-Weaning to End-of-Lactation Period
Kasapidou, E., Iliadis, I.-V., Mitlianga, P. G., et al. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13223505 · Cited by 10
Phytochemical, amino acid and fatty acid profile of selected brown and red seaweed species from Gulf of Mannar, Southeast India
Perumal, P., Annamalai, A., Dhanasundaram, S., et al. (2023) · Food and Humanity · doi:10.1016/j.foohum.2023.11.015 · Cited by 10
Elucidating the impact of bacterial lipases, human serum albumin, and FASII inhibition on the utilization of exogenous fatty acids by Staphylococcus aureus
Pruitt, E. L., Zhang, R., Ross, D. H., Ashford, N. K., Chen, X., Alonzo, F., Bush, M. F., Werth, B. J., & Xu, L. (2023) · mSphere · doi:10.1128/msphere.00368-23 · Cited by 11
“Total lipids were extracted by the method of Bligh and Dyer (65).”
Biodiesel Production from Botryococcus sudeticus and Chlorella vulgaris: Assessment of Nitrogen Deficiency on Lipid, Fame Yield and Biodiesel Properties
Çam, A. O., Köker, L., Ozbayram, E. G., Akçaalan, R., & Albay, M. (2023) · Waste and Biomass Valorization · doi:10.1007/s12649-023-02359-2 · Cited by 10
“The lipids were extracted using the modified Bligh and Dyer [36] protocol, with chloroform: methanol: water (1:2:0.8 v/v).”
Influential
Utilization of Yeast Extract as a Flavor Enhancer and Masking Agent in Sodium-Reduced Marinated Shrimp
Yılmaz, E. B. Ş. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules29010182 · Cited by 10
“Moisture [40], crude fat [41], crude protein [42], crude ash [43], carbohydrate, and energy [44] analyses were performed to determine the nutrition composition of the shrimp.”
Method
Sample preparation for fatty acid analysis in biological samples with mass spectrometry-based strategies
Yang, L. C., Yuan, J., Yu, B., Hu, S., & Bai, Y. (2024) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-024-05185-0 · Cited by 11
“Later, a modified method with a mixture of chloroform/ methanol/water at a different ratio was proposed by Bligh and Dyer, which reduced the amount of chloroform used in the Folch extraction [20].”
A Look into Ocular Diseases: The Pivotal Role of Omics Sciences in Ophthalmology Research
Fucito, M., Spedicato, M., Felletti, S., Yu, A. C., Busin, M., Pasti, L., Franchina, F. A., Cavazzini, A., Luca, C. D., & Catani, M. (2024) · ACS Measurement Science Au · doi:10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00067 · Cited by 10
Impact of Concurrent aerobic–anaerobic Methanotrophy on Methane Emission from Marine Sediments in Gas Hydrate Area
Miyajima, Y., Aoyagi, T., Yoshioka, H., et al. (2024) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.3c09484 · Cited by 10
Food authentication goes green: Determination of the geographical origin of grain maize (Zea mays L.) using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS)
Schmauder, F., Schütz, D., Creydt, M., et al. (2024) · Food Control · doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110489 · Cited by 10
Impact of a varied combinatorial mixture of β-1, 3 glucan and fructooligosaccharides on growth performance, metabolism, intestinal morphometry, expression of antioxidant-related genes, immunity, and protection against Vibrio alginolyticus in Red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. mossambicus)
Eissa, E. H., Ahmed, R. A., El‐Aziz, Y. M. A., Hendam, B. M., Eissa, M. E. H., & ElBanna, N. I. (2024) · Aquaculture International · doi:10.1007/s10499-024-01479-3 · Cited by 11
“Additionally, the raw ash was evaluated via a muffle furnace at 550 °C for 16 h and the total lipid level by chloroform–methanol extraction method (Bligh and Dyer 1959).”
The decadal variability of elemental, isotopic, and biochemical compositions of coastal Mediterranean zooplankton responds to environmental changes
Garcia, T., Carlotti, F., Lepoint, G., et al. (2024) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-024-04430-5 · Cited by 10
“Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids were extracted following the methods of, respectively, Lowry et al. (1951) (i.e., in Folin phenol solution), Dubois et al. (1956) (i.e., in phenol–sulfuric acid solution), and Bligh and Dyer (1959) (i.e., in monophasic methanol–dichloromethane solution).”
A short-term rodent model for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis induced by a high-fat diet and carbon tetrachloride
Araujo, L. C. C., Dias, C. C., SUCUPIRA, F., Ramalho, L. N. Z., & Camporez, J. P. (2024) · Bioscience Reports · doi:10.1042/bsr20231532 · Cited by 11
“Tissue TAGs were extracted using the method of Bligh and Dyer [18] and measured using a TAG reagent.”
Method
SIRT1 regulates hepatic vldlr levels
Peyman, M., Gonçalves, A. B.-E., Rodríguez‐Rodríguez, R., Rigon, M., Aguilar-Recarte, D., Villarroya, J., Planavila, A., Villarroya, F., Palomer, X., Barroso, E., et al. (2024) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/s12964-024-01666-y · Cited by 10
“Liver triglycerides were extracted according to the method of Bligh and Dyer [21].”
Method
Influence of cultivar on quality parameters of pecans produced in Southern Brazil
Siebeneichler, T. J., Crizel, R. L., Duarte, T. D. O., et al. (2024) · Scientia Horticulturae · doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113423 · Cited by 10
Unlocking the potential of Euglena gracilis cultivated in piggery wastewater: biomass production, nutrient removal, and biostimulant potential in lettuce and tomato plants
Leal, V. L., Ferreira, A., Corrêa, D. D. O., Furlan, V. J. M., Gouveia, L., Schneider, R. D. C. D. S., & Corbellini, V. A. (2024) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-024-03286-y · Cited by 12
“The total lipid content was determined using the Bligh and Dyer (1959) method under the optimized conditions of Souza et al. (2017).”
Quantitative analysis of protein lipidation and acyl-CoAs reveals substrate preferences of the S -acylation machinery
Busquets-Hernández, C., Ribó, S., Gratacòs‐Batlle, E., et al. (2024) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/d4sc02235a · Cited by 10
Feeding rates affect growth, metabolism and oxidative status of Nile tilapia rearing in a biofloc system
Villes, V. S., Durigon, E. G., Hermes, L. B., et al. (2024) · Tropical Animal Health and Production · doi:10.1007/s11250-024-04042-7 · Cited by 10
“Lipid parameters were determined using the method described by Bligh and Dyer (1959).”
Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from the Fruits of Jambolan (Syzygium cumini (L.)) Using Alternative Solvents
Artilha, C. A. F., Stafussa, A. P., Santos, P. D. S., Santos, O. O., da Costa, S. C., & Madrona, G. S. (2024) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants13152065 · Cited by 10
“Lipid determination was performed by cold solvent extraction [42] and quantification was performed by difference: % carbohydrate = (100 − protein + lipid + moisture + ash).”
Method
Lipidome of Acinetobacter baumannii antibiotic persister cells
Vergoz, D., Schaumann, A., Schmitz, I., Afonso, C., Dé, E., Loutelier‐Bourhis, C., & Alexandre, S. (2024) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159539 · Cited by 10
Biallelic null variants in PNPLA8 cause microcephaly by reducing the number of basal radial glia
Nakamura, Y., Shimada, I. S., Maroofian, R., Falabella, M., Zaki, M. S., Fujimoto, M., Sato, E., Takase, H., Aoki, S., Miyauchi, A., et al. (2024) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awae185 · Cited by 10
Carbonic anhydrase encapsulation using bamboo cellulose scaffolds for efficient CO2 capture and conversion
Wang, X., Li, M., Liu, Z., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134410 · Cited by 10
Optimizing Archaeal Lipid Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli
Hoekzema, M., Jiang, J., & Driessen, A. J. M. (2024) · ACS Synthetic Biology · doi:10.1021/acssynbio.4c00235 · Cited by 11
Performance evaluation of Chlorella sp. BRE5 for augmented biomass and lipid production implementing semi-continuous cultivation strategy
Das, N., Padhi, D., Mandal, S., Kumar, V., & Nayak, M. (2024) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-024-06015-0 · Cited by 10
“Total lipid from Chlorella sp. BRE5 was extracted by the modified Bligh and Dyer method [27, 28].”

Authors: Bligh, E. G., & Dyer, W. J.
Venue: Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Published: 1959-08-01
Volume: 37
Issue: 8
Pages: 911-917
ISSN: 0576-5544 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1139/o59-099
OpenAlex: W2152311269
Cited by: 54,751
References: 5
Citations by year: 2026: 1149 · 2025: 1534 · 2024: 1685 · 2023: 1749 · 2022: 1802 · 2021: 2073 · 2020: 2152 · 2019: 1870 · 2018: 1737 · 2017: 1784 · 2016: 1780 · 2015: 1800 · 2014: 1786 · 2013: 1758 · 2012: 1551
FWCI: 8.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining (tdm)
Locations: Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development
Keywords: lipid extraction, lipid purification, chloroform-methanol extraction, frozen fish, lipid degradation, fish muscle, tissue homogenization, rapid extraction method
MeSH terms: Fishes, Lipids

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A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION

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