Cited by 54,751Lipid metabolism and biosynthesisEdible Oils Quality and AnalysisFood Nutrient Composition and Product Development

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A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION

Bligh, E. G., Dyer, W. J.·1959·Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology

DOI 10.1139/o59-099

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Abstract

Lipid decomposition studies in frozen fish have led to the development of a simple and rapid method for the extraction and purification of lipids from biological materials. The entire procedure can be carried out in approximately 10 minutes; it is efficient, reproducible, and free from deleterious manipulations. The wet tissue is homogenized with a mixture of chloroform and methanol in such proportions that a miscible system is formed with the water in the tissue. Dilution with chloroform and water separates the homogenate into two layers, the chloroform layer containing all the lipids and the methanolic layer containing all the non-lipids. A purified lipid extract is obtained merely by isolating the chloroform layer. The method has been applied to fish muscle and may easily be adapted to use with other tissues.

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A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF TOTAL LIPIDES FROM ANIMAL TISSUES
Folch, J., Lees, M., & Stanley, G. H. S. (1957) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64849-5 · Cited by 65,189
PREPARATION OF LIPIDE EXTRACTS FROM BRAIN TISSUE
Folch, J., Ascoli, I., Lees, M. B., Meath, J. A., & Lebaron, F. N. (1951) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)55987-1 · Cited by 1,341
Storage of Frozen Plaice Fillets
Dyer, W. J., & Morton, M. L. (1956) · Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada · doi:10.1139/f56-007 · Cited by 69
Self-citation
Experimental Determination of Binodal Curves, Plait Points, and Tie Lines, in 50 Systems, each consisting of Water and Two Organic Liquids
Bonner, W. D. (1910) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/j150116a004 · Cited by 46
Acetone–Water Mixtures for the Extraction and Rapid Estimation of Fats of Biological Materials, Particularly Fish Products
Dambergs, N. (1956) · Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada · doi:10.1139/f56-045 · Cited by 18

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BANCROFT W., 1895, Phys. Iiev., 3, 1

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“Concentrations of PA and HA were determined by gas-liquid chromatography (Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC).(16) A noncompartmental analysis was used to estimate the area under the curve (AUC) for PA and HAmicromolar concentrations as well as for the ratio of AUCHA toAUCPA.”
Method
Immunocastration on performance and meat quality of Bos indicus (Nellore) cattle under different nutritional systems
Jacinto-Valderrama, R. A., Sampaio, G. S. L., Lima, M. L. P., et al. (2020) · Scientia Agricola · doi:10.1590/1678-992x-2019-0136 · Cited by 10
Multimarker response of the ragworm Hediste diversicolor (Polychaeta) to seawater acidification derived from potential CO2 leakage from the CCS sub-seabed storage site in the Baltic Sea
Sokołowski, A., Brulińska, D., & Sokołowska, E. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2020.151433 · Cited by 9
An Assessment of Methanotrophs Producing Industrial-Grade Lipids for Biofuels and Other Commercial Chemicals
Zappi, A., Fortela, D. L. B., & Holmes, W. E. (2020) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en13153887 · Cited by 10
“One of the most common and longest used techniques to extract lipids is the Bligh and Dyer method [76].”
Method
Evaluation of different conventional lipid extraction techniques’ efficiency in obtaining oil from oleaginous seeds
da Cruz, V. H. M., Priori, R. L. G., Santos, P. D. S., et al. (2020) · Chemical Papers · doi:10.1007/s11696-020-01324-w · Cited by 10
Characteristics of the Biochemical Composition and Bioavailability of Phytoplankton-Derived Particulate Organic Matter in the Chukchi Sea, Arctic
Kim, B., Jung, J., Lee, Y., Cho, K., Gal, J., Kang, S., & Ha, S. (2020) · Water · doi:10.3390/w12092355 · Cited by 12
“The LIP were extracted from the filter with chloroform and methanol (1:2; v:v) [43], followed by sulfuric acid at 200 ◦C [44].”
Method
Biomarker analysis of Niemann-Pick disease type C using chromatography and mass spectrometry
Maekawa, M., Iwahori, A., & Mano, N. (2020) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113622 · Cited by 10
Influence of partial sodium replacement on proximate composition, physical and sensory quality of marinated anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus)
Erol, N. D., Erdem, Ö. A., Çaklı, Ş., et al. (2020) · LWT · doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110476 · Cited by 10
The effects of exercise training on lipid profile in patients with sarcoidosis
Jastrzębski, D., Toczyłowska, B., Ziemińska, E., Żebrowska, A., Kostorz‐Nosal, S., Świętochowska, E., Giulio, C. D., & Ziora, D. I. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-84815-4 · Cited by 10
Characterization of the Lipidome and Biophysical Properties of Membranes from High Five Insect Cells Expressing Mouse P-Glycoprotein
Moreno, M. J., Martins, P. A. T., Bernardino, E., et al. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11030426 · Cited by 10
“The lipids were extracted by the method described by Bligh and Dyer [38].”
Method
Vitamin retention during the canning of swordfish ( Xiphias gladius ) with different filling media
Cobas, N., Piñeiro-Lago, L., Gómez‐Limia, L., et al. (2021) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/1750-3841.15691 · Cited by 10
Performance Characteristics of Ankistrodesmus falcatus in Different Culture Media and Concentration
Okomoda, V. T., Abdulrahman, A. K., Khatoon, H., Sukumaran, M., Oladimeji, A. S., Abol‐Munafi, A. B., Alabi, K. I., Alamanjo, C. C., & Anuar, H. (2021) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants10040755 · Cited by 11
“For lipid analysis (%), the sulfuric acid charring method proposed by Marsh and Weinstein [39] and the carbonization method using tripalmitin as the standard after extracting lipids proposed by Bligh and Dyer [40] were used.”
Method
Propriedades físico-químicas e tecnológicas da farinha do resíduo de açaí e sua utilização
Borges, M. V., de Sousa, E. B., Silveira, M. F. A., et al. (2021) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v10i5.14517 · Cited by 10
Phospholipid N -Methyltransferases Produce Various Methylated Phosphatidylethanolamine Derivatives in Thermophilic Bacteria
Kleetz, J., Welter, L., Mizza, A.-S., et al. (2021) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.01105-21 · Cited by 10
“Lipids were extracted as established by Bligh and Dyer (64).”
Method
Technologies for oil extraction from oilseeds and oleaginous microbes
Kumar, S., Garlapati, V. K., Gujjala, L. K. S., & Banerjee‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬, R. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824418-0.00011-4 · Cited by 14
Treatment with PCSK9 Inhibitors in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia Lowers Plasma Levels of Platelet-Activating Factor and Its Precursors: A Combined Metabolomic and Lipidomic Approach
Minno, A. D., Orsini, R. C., Chiesa, M., Cavalca, V., Calcaterra, I. L., Tripaldella, M., Anesi, A., Fiorelli, S., Eligini, S., Colombo, G. I., et al. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9081073 · Cited by 10
“was used for the extraction of lipids [34].”
Method
Residual Waste After Protein Isolation From Ethanol-Treated Rapeseed Meal has Physico-Chemical Properties for Functional Food Systems Formulation
Georgiev, R., Kalaydzhiev, H. R., Slavov, A. M., Ivanova, P., Uzunova, G., & Chalova, V. I. (2021) · Waste and Biomass Valorization · doi:10.1007/s12649-021-01567-y · Cited by 11
“The amount of total lipids was evaluated as described by Bligh and Dyer [19].”
Method
Exposure to Systemic Immunosuppressive Ultraviolet Radiation Alters T Cell Recirculation through Sphingosine-1-Phosphate
Tse, B. C. Y., Ireland, R. A., Lee, J. Y., Marsh‐Wakefield, F., Kok, L., Don, A. S., & Byrne, S. N. (2021) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2001261 · Cited by 10
Polyunsaturated fatty acids cause physiological and behavioral changes in Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio fischeri
Smith, D. S., Houck, C., Lee, A., Simmons, T. B., Chester, O. N., Esdaile, A., Symes, S. J. K., & Giles, D. K. (2021) · MicrobiologyOpen · doi:10.1002/mbo3.1237 · Cited by 10
Switchable Solvent Selective Extraction of Hydrophobic Antioxidants from Synechococcus bigranulatus
D’Elia, L., Imbimbo, P., Liberti, D., Bolinesi, F., Pollio, A., Mangoni, O., Brilman, D. W. F., Olivieri, G., & Monti, D. M. (2021) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c04400 · Cited by 10
Altering phosphoinositides in high‐fat diet‐associated prostate tumor xenograft growth
Huang, M., Koizumi, A., Narita, S., et al. (2021) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.89 · Cited by 10
Liposomal encapsulation of omega‐3 fatty acid and α‐lipoic acid conjugate for cow milk fortification
Choudhary, P., Dutta, S., Moses, J. A., et al. (2021) · Journal of Food Processing and Preservation · doi:10.1111/jfpp.16082 · Cited by 11
Characterization of uptake and metabolism of very long-chain fatty acids in peroxisome-deficient CHO cells
Ali, H., Morito, K., Hasi, R. Y., Aihara, M., Hayashi, J., Kawakami, R., Kanemaru, K., Tsuchiya, K., Sango, K., & Tanaka, T. (2021) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159088 · Cited by 10
An Untargeted Lipidomic Analysis Reveals Depletion of Several Phospholipid Classes in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia on Treatment with Evolocumab
Anesi, A., Minno, A. D., Calcaterra, I. L., et al. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9121941 · Cited by 10
“Lipids were extracted by using a slightly modified Bligh and Dyer system [16].”
Method
Influence of ferulic acid and clinoptilolite supplementation on growth performance, carcass, meat quality, and fatty acid profile of finished lambs
Tánori-Lozano, A., Quintana-Romandía, A. I., Montalvo-Corral, M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Animal Science and Technology · doi:10.5187/jast.2022.e21 · Cited by 10
“To evaluate the fatty acid profile, lipid extraction was carried out following an adaptation to the Bligh and Dyer [26] procedure with the following modifications: 2 g of meat was mixed with 10 mL of methanol and homogenized (Ultra-Turrax T25, IKA, Staufen, Germany) for 1 minute at 1,450×g.”
Method
Impact of an Omega-3-Enriched Sheep Diet on the Microbiota and Chemical Composition of Kefalograviera Cheese
Tzora, A., Nelli, A., Voidarou, C. C., Fotou, K., Bonos, E., Rozos, G., Grigoriadou, K., Papadopoulos, P., Basdagianni, Z., Giannenas, Ι., et al. (2022) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods11060843 · Cited by 10
“Determination of the Kefalograviera Cheese Fatty Acids Composition Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were prepared from the Kefalograviera cheese samples according to the Bligh and Dyer [27] method and the International Organisation for Standardisation ISO [28] as has been reported previously by Papaloukas et al. [29].”
Method
The addition of residue from pruning of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in laying hens modulates fatty acid profile and incorporates chlorogenic acid in the egg
da Rosa, G., Dazuk, V., Galli, G. M. M., et al. (2022) · Research in Veterinary Science · doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.03.019 · Cited by 10
Challenges in linking soil health to edge‐of‐field water quality across the Great Lakes basin
Fermanich, K. J., Meyers, M., Loken, L. C., Bischoff, M., Turco, R. F., Stahlheber, K. A., Duriancik, L. F., Dornbush, M. E., & Komiskey, M. J. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.1002/jeq2.20364 · Cited by 10
A novel sterol-binding protein reveals heterogeneous cholesterol distribution in neurite outgrowth and in late endosomes/lysosomes
Yamaji‐Hasegawa, A., Murate, M., Inaba, T., et al. (2022) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-022-04339-6 · Cited by 10
“Total lipids were extracted according to the method of Bligh and Dyer [42].”
Method
Transcriptome Profile Reveals Genetic and Metabolic Mechanisms Related to Essential Fatty Acid Content of Intramuscular Longissimus thoracis in Nellore Cattle
Schettini, G. P., Peripolli, E., Alexandre, P. A., dos Santos, W. B., Pereira, A. S. C., de Albuquerque, L. G., Baldi, F. S., & Curi, R. A. (2022) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo12050471 · Cited by 12
“The lipid fraction quantification was performed at the Animal Product Technology Laboratory in the Technology Department of FCAV/UNESP (Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil) according to Bligh and Dyer [89].”
Method
Prosthecate aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs Photocaulis sulfatitolerans gen. nov. sp. nov. and Photocaulis rubescens sp. nov. isolated from alpine meromictic lakes in British Columbia, Canada
Kuzyk, S. B., Jafri, M., Humphrey, E., Maltman, C., Kyndt, J. A., & Yurkov, V. (2022) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00203-022-03007-4 · Cited by 10
“Lipids were extracted from exponentially growing or stationary-phase cells, after 3 or 7 days, respectively, using a chloroform: methanol methylation method (Bligh and Dyer 1959), and analyzed by gas chromatography to determine composition (Politz et al.”
Method

Authors: Bligh, E. G., & Dyer, W. J.
Venue: Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Published: 1959-08-01
Volume: 37
Issue: 8
Pages: 911-917
ISSN: 0576-5544 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1139/o59-099
OpenAlex: W2152311269
Cited by: 54,751
References: 5
Citations by year: 2026: 1149 · 2025: 1534 · 2024: 1685 · 2023: 1749 · 2022: 1802 · 2021: 2073 · 2020: 2152 · 2019: 1870 · 2018: 1737 · 2017: 1784 · 2016: 1780 · 2015: 1800 · 2014: 1786 · 2013: 1758 · 2012: 1551
FWCI: 8.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining (tdm)
Locations: Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development
Keywords: lipid extraction, lipid purification, chloroform-methanol extraction, frozen fish, lipid degradation, fish muscle, tissue homogenization, rapid extraction method
MeSH terms: Fishes, Lipids

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A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION

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