The DOI matches its Crossref record; 264 of the 264 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Observational evidence for intermediate-mass black holes
Open accessAbstract
Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs), with masses in the range [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M[Formula: see text], are the link between stellar-mass BHs and supermassive BHs (SMBHs). They are thought to be the seeds from which SMBHs grow, which would explain the existence of quasars with BH masses of up to 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M[Formula: see text] when the Universe was only 0.8 Gyr old. The detection and study of IMBHs has thus strong implications for understanding how SMBHs form and grow, which is ultimately linked to galaxy formation and growth, as well as for studies of the universality of BH accretion or the epoch of reionization. Proving the existence of seed BHs in the early Universe is not yet feasible with the current instrumentation; however, those seeds that did not grow into SMBHs can be found as IMBHs in the nearby Universe. In this review, I summarize the different scenarios proposed for the formation of IMBHs and gather all the observational evidence for the few hundreds of nearby IMBH candidates found in dwarf galaxies, globular clusters, and ultraluminous X-ray sources, as well as the possible discovery of a few seed BHs at high redshift. I discuss some of their properties, such as X-ray weakness and location in the BH mass scaling relations, and the possibility to discover IMBHs through high velocity clouds, tidal disruption events, gravitational waves, or accretion disks in active galactic nuclei. I finalize with the prospects for the detection of IMBHs with up-coming observatories.
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Cites
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Cited by
GW190521: A Binary Black Hole Merger with a Total Mass of 150 M⊙
Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abraham, S., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agathos, M., et al. (2020) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.125.101102 · Cited by 1,303
Greene, J. E., Strader, J., & Ho, L. C. (2020) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021835 · Cited by 716
The Assembly of the First Massive Black Holes
Inayoshi, K., Visbal, E., & Haiman, Z. (2020) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-120419-014455 · Cited by 665
Neumayer, N., Seth, A., & Böker, T. (2020) · The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review · doi:10.1007/s00159-020-00125-0 · Cited by 375
AEDGE: Atomic Experiment for Dark Matter and Gravity Exploration in Space
El-Neaj, Y. A., Alpigiani, C., Amairi-Pyka, S., Araújo, H., Balaž, A., Bassi, A., Bathe-Peters, L., Battelier, B., Belić, A., Bentine, E., et al. (2020) · EPJ Quantum Technology · doi:10.1140/epjqt/s40507-020-0080-0 · Cited by 348
Metadata
- Authors
- Mezcua, M.
- Venue
- International Journal of Modern Physics D
- Publisher
- World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
- Published
- 2017-09-19
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1730021
- ISSN
- 0218-2718 (ISSN-L)
- 1793-6594
- OpenAlex
- W2617281150
- Cited by
- 288
- References
- 264
- FWCI
- 16.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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