Tooth structure and phylogeny of the Upper Permian echinoid Miocidaris keyserlingi
Abstract
SUMMARY Miocidaris keyserlingiis found in the Upper Permian Ford Formation, Zechstein Cycle 1, of the Sunderland district. It is confined to reef core and fore-reef talus slope facies and is absent from higher energy reef-crest and reef-flat habitats. Well preserved material permits the description of stereom microstructure and tooth construction.M. keyserlingihas teeth identical in structure to those of Recent cidarids and this contrasts with tooth structure in both the Carboniferous archaeocidarids and the early Jurassic euechinoids. Hemipyramid morphology and perignathic girdle structure also demonstrate the close relationship betweenM. keyserlingiand Recent cidaroids. Euechinoids and cidaroids must have diverged prior to the Upper Permian and at least two separate lineages of echinoids passed across the Permo-Triassic boundary.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The euechinoid skeletogenic micromere lineage and its embryonic skeletal structures are a derived euechinoid character that appeared in the euechinoid common ancestor probably not long after 250 mya.
“The euechinoid skeletogenic micromere lineage and its embryonic skeletal structures thus may be considered a derived euechinoid character that appeared in the euechinoid common ancestor probably not long after 250 mya.”
From Transfer of a large gene regulatory apparatus to a new developmental address in echinoid evolution (2008) · cites this paper as [6]
Cites
Introduction to the petroleum geology of the North Sea
Bally, A. W. (1985) · Marine Geology · doi:10.1016/0025-3227(85)90096-9 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Introduction to the petroleum geology of the North Sea
Glennie, K. W. (1986) · Cited by 231 · see citing works
A Monograph of the Permian Fossils of England
King, W. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781316143421 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Phylogeny of the Echini, with a revision of Palaeozoic species
Jackson, R. T. (1912) · Memoirs read before the Boston Society of Natural History · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.4630 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
The English Zechstein and related topics
Harwood, G. M., & Smith, D. B. (1986) · Cited by 108 · see citing works
A monograph of the Permian fossils of England
King, W. W., & Palaeontographical Society (Great Britain) (1850) · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.114608 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Philip, G. (1965) · Journal of Paleontology · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Implications of lantern morphology for the phylogeny of post-Palaeozoic echinoids
Smith, A. B. (1981) · Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.16046014 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationSynopsis des Echinides fossiles
Desor, É. (1858) · doi:10.3931/e-rara-74066 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Evolutionary trends in Paleozoic echinoids
Kier, P. M. (1965) · Journal of Paleontology · Cited by 71 · see citing works
THE EVOLUTION OF THE ENGLISH ZECHSTEIN BASIN
Smith, D. N., & Db, S. (1981) · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Dyas oder die Zechsteinformation und das Rothliegende
Geinitz, H. B. (1861) · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.44568 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
THE MAGNESIAN LIMESTONE (UPPER PERMIAN) REEF COMPLEX OF NORTHEASTERN ENGLAND
Smith, D. B. (1981) · SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) eBooks · doi:10.2110/pec.81.30.0161 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
26 : BIBLIOGRAPHIC INDEX OF PERMIAN INVERTEBRATES
(1948) · Memoir - Geological Society of America · doi:10.1130/mem26 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
The Zechstein basin with emphasis on carbonate sequences
Füchtbauer, H., & Peryt, T. M. (1980) · Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung eBooks · Cited by 51 · see citing works
A revised nomenclature for Upper Permian strata in eastern England
Smith, D. B., Harwood, G. M., Pattison, J., & Pettigrew, T. H. (1986) · Geological Society London Special Publications · doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.1986.022.01.02 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Synopsis des échinides fossiles / par É. Desor
Desor, É. (1858) · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.10163 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
BIBLIOGRAPHIC INDEX OF PERMIAN INVERTEBRATES
Branson, C. C. (1948) · Memoir - Geological Society of America · doi:10.1130/mem26-p1 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
A correlation of Permian rocks in the British Isles
Smith, D. B. (1974) · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Tucker, M., & Hollingworth, N. (1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-82812-6_14 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationMärkel, K., & Titschack, H. (1969) · Zeitschrift für Morphologie der Tiere · doi:10.1007/bf00391786 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Kier, P. M. (1984) · Smithsonian contributions to paleobiology · doi:10.5479/si.00810266.56.1 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Kier, P. M. (1977) · Smithsonian contributions to paleobiology · doi:10.5479/si.00810266.30.1 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Hollingworth, N. T. J., & Tucker, M. E. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/bfb0011373 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Permian Bivalvia of Northern England
Logan, A. C. (1967) · Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society · doi:10.1080/25761900.2022.12131705 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Zechstein reef fossils and their palaeoecology
Hollingworth, N. T. J., & Pettigrew, T. H. (1988) · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationLewis, D. N., & Ensom, P. C. (1981) · Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.16490896 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Märkel, K. (1970) · Zeitschrift für Morphologie der Tiere · doi:10.1007/bf00280733 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Trechmann, C. T. (1913) · Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society · doi:10.1144/gsl.jgs.1913.069.01-04.15 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Märkel, K. (1978) · Zoomorphology · doi:10.1007/bf00995664 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
A catalogue of the organic remains of the Permien (sic) rocks of Northumberland and Durham
King, W. J. (1848) · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.161903 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Nortonechinus and the ancestry of the cidarid echinoids
Kier, P. M. (1968) · Journal of Paleontology · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Kirkby, J. W. (1859) · Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society · doi:10.1144/gsl.jgs.1859.015.01-02.69 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
On the Lithology and Composition of Durham Magnesian Limestones
Trechmann, C. T. (1914) · Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society · doi:10.1144/gsl.jgs.1914.070.01-04.14 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
XXIII.—Note on the identity of the cape “White-fish,” Barbus capensis
Barnard, K. H. (1937) · Annals and Magazine of Natural History · doi:10.1080/00222933708655263 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
XXII.—Notes on the Permian system of the counties of Durham and Northumberland
Howse, R. (1857) · Annals and Magazine of Natural History · doi:10.1080/00222935708693931 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
X.—Eocidarisand some species referred to it
Bather, F. A. (1909) · Annals and Magazine of Natural History · doi:10.1080/00222930908692546 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Tooth structure of the pygasteroid sea urchin Plesiechinus
Smith, A. B. (1982) · Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.16269834 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationÜber Eocidaris Keyserlingi gein
Kolesch, K. (1887) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Die Mikrostructur der fossilen Echinoideenstacheln und deren systematische Bedeutung
Hesse, E. K. (1900) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 42 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Erwin, D. H. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/367231a0 · Cited by 693 · see citing works
Estimating metazoan divergence times with a molecular clock
Peterson, K. J., Lyons, J. B., Nowak, K. S., Takacs, C. M., Wargo, M. J., & McPeek, M. A. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0401670101 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
The phylogeny and classification of post-Palaeozoic echinoids
Kroh, A., & Smith, A. B. (2010) · Journal of Systematic Palaeontology · doi:10.1080/14772011003603556 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Self-citationSchubert, J. K., & Bottjer, D. J. (1995) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/0031-0182(94)00093-n · Cited by 306 · see citing works
The end and the beginning: recoveries from mass extinctions
Erwin, D. H. (1998) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(98)01436-0 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Smith, A. B., Pisani, D., Mackenzie‐Dodds, J. A., Stockley, B., Webster, B. L., & Littlewood, D. T. J. (2006) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msl039 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Self-citationBaumiller, T. K., Salamon, M. A., Gorzelak, P., Mooi, R., Messing, C. G., & Gahn, F. J. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0914199107 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Transfer of a large gene regulatory apparatus to a new developmental address in echinoid evolution
Gao, F., & Davidson, E. H. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0801201105 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Bottjer, D. J., Davidson, E. H., Peterson, K. J., & Cameron, R. A. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1132310 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Early Triassic recovery of echinoderms
Twitchett, R. J., & Oji, T. (2005) · Comptes Rendus Palevol · doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2005.02.006 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
The evolution of larval morphology during the post-Paleozoic radiation of echinoids
Wray, G. A. (1992) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/s0094837300010848 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Smith, A. B., Lafay, B., & Christen, R. (1992) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1992.0155 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationRecoveries and Radiations: Gastropods After the Permo-Triassic Mass Extinction
Erwin, D. H., & Hua-Zhang, P. (1996) · Geological Society London Special Publications · doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.1996.001.01.15 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
RAPID EVOLUTION OF GASTRULATION MECHANISMS IN A SEA URCHIN WITH LECITHOTROPHIC LARVAE
Wray, G. A., & Raff, R. A. (1991) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb02684.x · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Evolutionary rewiring of gene regulatory network linkages at divergence of the echinoid subclasses
Erkenbrack, E. M., & Davidson, E. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.1509845112 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
A Total-Evidence Dated Phylogeny of Echinoidea Combining Phylogenomic and Paleontological Data
Koch, N. M., & Thompson, J. R. (2020) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1093/sysbio/syaa069 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The evolution of pedicellariae in echinoids: an arms race against pests and parasites
Coppard, S. E., Kroh, A., & Smith, A. B. (2010) · Acta Zoologica · doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.2010.00487.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationBaumiller, T. K., Mooi, R., & Messing, C. G. (2008) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1666/07031.1 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Thompson, J. R., Petsios, E., Davidson, E. H., Erkenbrack, E. M., Gao, F., & Bottjer, D. J. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep15541 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Smith, A. B. (2007) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1666/06073.1 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationPhylogenomic analyses of echinoid diversification prompt a re-evaluation of their fossil record
Koch, N. M., Thompson, J. R., Hiley, A. S., McCowin, M. F., Armstrong, A. F., Coppard, S. E., Aguilera, F., Bronstein, O., Kroh, A., Mooi, R., et al. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.72460 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Testing the quality of the fossil record by groups and by major habitats
Benton, M. J., & Hitchin, R. (1996) · Historical Biology · doi:10.1080/08912969609386559 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Phylogeny and origin of Jurassic irregular echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)
Saucède, T., Mooi, R., & David, B. (2006) · Geological Magazine · doi:10.1017/s0016756806003001 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Paleontological data and molecular phylogenetic analysis
Smith, A. B., & Littlewood, D. T. J. (1994) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/s009483730001277x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationJuvenile skeletogenesis in anciently diverged sea urchin clades
Gao, F., Thompson, J. R., Petsios, E., Erkenbrack, E. M., Moats, R. A., Bottjer, D. J., & Davidson, E. H. (2015) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.01.017 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Zonneveld, J. (2001) · Sedimentary Geology · doi:10.1016/s0037-0738(01)00154-3 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Phylogeny and classification of echinoids
Kroh, A. (2020) · Developments in aquaculture and fisheries science · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819570-3.00001-9 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Origins and biomechanical evolution of teeth in echinoids and their relatives
REICH, M., & SMITH, A. B. (2009) · Palaeontology · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00900.x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationSmith, A. B., & Kroh, A. (2013) · Developments in aquaculture and fisheries science · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-396491-5.00001-0 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationEchinoid concentration beds: two examples from the stratigraphic spectrum
Moffat, H. A., & Bottjer, D. J. (1999) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/s0031-0182(98)00210-7 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Evolutionary models in the Early Triassic marine realm
Pietsch, C., Ritterbush, K. A., Thompson, J. R., Petsios, E., & Bottjer, D. J. (2017) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.12.016 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Larval Development and Metamorphosis of the Deep-Sea Cidaroid Urchin Cidaris blakei
Bennett, K. C., Young, C. M., & Emlet, R. B. (2012) · Biological Bulletin · doi:10.1086/bblv222n2p105 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Thompson, J. R., Hu, S., Zhang, Q.-Y., Petsios, E., Cotton, L., Huang, J., Zhou, C., Wen, W., & Bottjer, D. J. (2018) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.171548 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Thompson, J. R., Mirantsev, G. V., Petsios, E., & Bottjer, D. J. (2019) · Papers in Palaeontology · doi:10.1002/spp2.1280 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Preliminary microfocus X-ray computed tomography survey of echinoid fossil microstructure
Stock, S. R., & Veis, A. (2003) · Geological Society London Special Publications · doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.2003.215.01.21 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Thompson, J. R., Petsios, E., & Bottjer, D. (2017) · Journal of Paleontology · doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.158 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Echinoids as substrates for encrustation : review and quantitative analysis
Borszcz, T. (2012) · Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae/Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Reich, M. (2007) · Annales de Paléontologie · doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2007.09.007 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Hagdorn, H. (2017) · Paläontologische Zeitschrift · doi:10.1007/s12542-017-0393-1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Thompson, J. R., Posenato, R., Bottjer, D. J., & Petsios, E. (2019) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.7361 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Fossils explained 23: Palaeozoic echinoids
Lewis, D. N., & Donovan, S. K. (1998) · Geology Today · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2451.1998.00010.x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Koch, N. M., Thompson, J. R., Mooi, R., & Rouse, G. W. (2025) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1093/sysbio/syaf055 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Perricone, V., Cesarano, P., Deb, M., Lublin, D., Mutalipassi, M., Pappalardo, L., Kisailus, D., & Marmo, F. (2025) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.241439 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Lawrence, J. M., & Jangoux, M. (2013) · Developments in aquaculture and fisheries science · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-396491-5.00016-2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Lawrence, J. M., & Jangoux, M. (2020) · Developments in aquaculture and fisheries science · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819570-3.00021-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Koch, N. M., & Thompson, J. R. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.02.13.947796 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Zonneveld, J., Furlong, C. M., & Sanders, S. C. (2015) · Papers in Palaeontology · doi:10.1002/spp2.1032 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Eble, G. J. (1999) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bennett, K. C. (2009) · Scholars' Bank (University of Oregon) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Perricone, V., Cesarano, P., Deb, M., Lublin, D., Mutalipassi, M., Pappalardo, L., Kisailus, D., & Marmo, F. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4846809 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Echinoids from th E t riassic of s t. cassian - a r Evi Ew
Kroh, A. (2011)
Koch, N. M., Thompson, J. R., Mooi, R., & Rouse, G. W. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.02.28.640870
Collins, A. G. (2000) · doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2000)026
- Authors
- Smith, A. B., & Hollingworth, N. T. J.
- Affiliations
- British Museum (GB)
- Department of Geology, Oxford Polytechnic, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxfordshire OX3 0PP
- ORCID
- Smith, A. B.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society
- Publisher
- Geological Society of London
- Published
- 1990-05
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 47-60
- ISSN
- 0044-0604 (ISSN-L)
- 2041-4811
- OpenAlex
- W2087735411
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Keywords
- sea urchins, tooth structure, phylogeny, Late Permian, Permian-Triassic boundary, reef facies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review