GSSPs, global stratigraphy and correlation

Smith, Alan G.; Barry, Tiffany; Bown, Paul; Cope, John; Gale, Andy; Gibbard, Philip; Gregory, John; Hounslow, Mark; Kemp, David; Knox, Robert; Marshall, John; Oates, Michael; Rawson, Peter; Powell, John; Waters, Colin

doi:10.1144/sp404.8

Cited by 63Paleontology and Stratigraphy of FossilsGeological and Geochemical AnalysisGeology and Paleoclimatology Research

GSSPs, global stratigraphy and correlation

Smith, Alan G., Barry, Tiffany, Bown, Paul, Cope, John, Gale, Andy, Gibbard, Philip, Gregory, John, Hounslow, Mark +7 more·2015·Geological Society, London, Special Publications

DOI 10.1144/sp404.8

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Abstract

Procedures used to define an international chronostratigraphic stage boundary and to locate and ratify a Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) are outlined. A majority of current GSSPs use biostratigraphic data as primary markers with no reference to any physico-chemical markers, despite the International Subcommission on Stratigraphic Classification (ISSC) suggestion that such markers should be included if possible. It is argued that such definitions will not produce the high-precision Phanerozoic time scale necessary to understand such phenomena as pre-Pleistocene ice ages and global climate change. It is strongly recommended that all GSSPs should have physico-chemical markers as an integral part of their guiding criteria, and where such markers cannot be found, the GSSP should be relocated. The methods and approach embodied in oceanic stratigraphy – coring, logging, analysing and archiving of drill sites by numerous experts using a wide range of methods – could usefully serve as a scientific model for the analysis and archiving of GSSPs, all of which are on the present-day continents. The incorporation of many more stratigraphic sections into GSSP studies, the application of physico-chemical methods, and the replacement of old U–Pb dates by newer CA-TIMS U–Pb dates, together with the use of constrained optimization (CONOP) programs that produce a calendar of events from many sections, should lead to much more precise timescales for pre-Cenozoic time than are currently available.

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Most Phanerozoic time intervals are defined using either first or last appearance of key fossils.
“Most Phanerozoic time intervals are defined using either first or last appearance of key fossils ( 29 ).”
From The Anthropocene is functionally and stratigraphically distinct from the Holocene (2016) · cites this paper as [29]

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The Ordovician Period
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The Devonian Period
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Foreword
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Untitled work
Collins, A. G. (2000) · doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2000)026

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The Anthropocene is functionally and stratigraphically distinct from the Holocene
Waters, C. N., Zalasiewicz, J., Summerhayes, C., Barnosky, A. D., Poirier, C., Gałuszka, A., Cearreta, A., Edgeworth, M., Ellis, E. C., Ellis, M., et al. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad2622 · Cited by 2,375 · see citing works
“Most Phanerozoic time intervals are definedusing either the first or last appearance of key fossils (29).”
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When did the Anthropocene begin? A mid-twentieth century boundary level is stratigraphically optimal
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A new lower Cambrian shelly fossil biostratigraphy for South Australia
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Locating the BACE of the Cambrian: Bayan Gol in southwestern Mongolia and global correlation of the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary
Topper, T., Betts, M. J., Dorjnamjaa, D., Li, G., Li, L., Altanshagai, G., Enkhbaatar, B., & Skovsted, C. B. (2022) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104017 · Cited by 64 · see citing works

A Discussin on Tectonostratigraphy, non -Smith Stratigraphy and Orogen Stratigraphy
Wu, W. (2000) · Dicengxue zazhi
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Pennsylvanian foreland deformation of Wichita uplift, southwest Oklahoma
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Fluvial sedimentation and its reservoir potential at foreland basin margins: A case study of the Puig-reig anticline (South-eastern Pyrenees)
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Authors: Smith, A. G., Barry, T., Bown, P., Cope, J., Gale, A., Gibbard, P., Gregory, J., Hounslow, M., Kemp, D., Knox, R., Marshall, J., Oates, M., Rawson, P., Powell, J., & Waters, C.
Affiliations: University of Cambridge (GB)
University of Leicester (GB)
University College London (GB)
National Museum Wales (GB)
University of Portsmouth (GB)
PetroStrat Ltd., 33 Royston Rd., St. Albans, AL1 5NF, UK
Lancaster University (GB)
170 Main Street, Asfordby, LE14 3TT, UK
National Oceanography Centre (GB)
BG Group (United Kingdom) (GB)
University of Hull (GB)
British Geological Survey (GB)
ORCID: Smith, Alan G.
Barry, Tiffany
Bown, Paul
Cope, John
Gibbard, Philip
Hounslow, Mark
Kemp, David
Marshall, John
Rawson, Peter
Powell, John
Waters, Colin
Venue: Geological Society, London, Special Publications
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 2014-04-30
Volume: 404
Issue: 1
Pages: 37-67
ISSN: 0305-8719 (ISSN-L)
2041-4927
DOI: 10.1144/sp404.8
OpenAlex: W2169403095
Cited by: 63
References: 182
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2
FWCI: 5.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: doi.org/10.15223/policy-002 (stm-asf)
Locations: Geological Society London Special Publications (publishedVersion)
Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (submittedVersion)
ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Natural Environment Research Council (bgs05001)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Keywords: GSSP, biostratigraphic markers, U-Pb geochronology, constrained optimization, stratigraphic correlation, climate change

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GSSPs, global stratigraphy and correlation

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