The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A web accessibility report card for top international university web sites
Abstract
University web pages play a central role in the activities of current and prospective postsecondary students. University sites that are not accessible may exclude people with disabilities from participation in educational, social and professional activities. In order to assess the current state of university web site accessibility, we performed a multi-method analysis of the home pages of 100 top international universities. Each site was analyzed for compliance with accessibility standards, image accessibility, alternate-language and text-only content, and quality of web accessibility statements. Results showed that many top universities continue to have accessibility problems. University web site accessibility also varies greatly across different countries and geographic regions. Remaining obstacles to universal accessibility for universities include low accessibility in non-English-speaking countries and absent or low-quality accessibility policies.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A study conducted to measure accessibility of Top 100 global University web pages (Kane et al., 2007).”
From Accessibility of Indian universities’ homepages: An exploratory study (2018) · cites this paper as Kane et al., 2007
In the citing paper
“In Top 100 University study and Malaysian University study, two web sites were observed with zero accessibility errors, at the time when the studies were conducted.”
From Accessibility of Indian universities’ homepages: An exploratory study (2018) · cites this paper as Kane et al., 2007
In the citing paper
“| Univ with zero errors | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |”
From Accessibility of Indian universities’ homepages: An exploratory study (2018) · cites this paper as Kane et al., 2007
In the citing paper
“| Total error count | 937 | 14935 | 82685 | 375989 |”
From Accessibility of Indian universities’ homepages: An exploratory study (2018) · cites this paper as Kane et al., 2007
Citations
Cites
Web content accessibility guidelines 1.0
Chisholm, W. A., Vanderheiden, G. C., & Jacobs, I. (2001) · interactions · doi:10.1145/379537.379550 · Cited by 987
The Internet Goes to College: How Students Are Living in the Future with Today's Technology.
Jones, S. (2002) · Cited by 685
Shneiderman, B. (2000) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/332833.332843 · Cited by 622
Improving web accessibility: a study of webmaster perceptions
Lazar, J. K., Dudley, A., & Greenidge, K.-D. (2003) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2003.10.018 · Cited by 353
Cockton, G., DRAPER, S. W., & Weir, G. R. S. (1994) · Cited by 277
Mankoff, J. C., Fait, H., & Tran, T. (2005) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1054972.1054979 · Cited by 206
WebInSight: making web images accessible
Bigham, J. P., Kaminsky, R. S., Ladner, R. E., Danielsson, O. M., & Hempton, G. L. (2006) · Proceedings of the 8th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility · doi:10.1145/1168987.1169018 · Cited by 161 · cited 2×
“We used WebInSight [ 3 ] to analyze web images and their alternate text on each of the English-language home pages.”
MethodSelf-citationThe use of guidelines to automatically verify Web accessibility
Abascal, J., Arrue, M., Fajardo, I., Garay-Vitoria, N., & Tom�s, J. (2004) · Universal Access in the Information Society · doi:10.1007/s10209-003-0069-3 · Cited by 113
Richards, J. T., & Hanson, V. L. (2004) · International World Wide Web Conference (WWW) · doi:10.1145/988672.988683 · Cited by 110
Web accessibility at university libraries and library schools
Schmetzke, A. (2001) · Library Hi Tech · doi:10.1108/07378830110384584 · Cited by 108
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 27 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–107 of 107
A Review of the Status of Indian Academic Libraries in the 20th Century
Bhakal, A. (2023) · Journal of Informatics Education and Research · doi:10.52783/jier.v3i2.335
Gutiérrez-Carreón, G., & Escalera, R. L. (2025) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-89757-3_9
Accessibility Issues for Web 2.0
Parton, B. S., & Hancock, R. (2009) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-60752-206-520251027
Akrei, D. (2010) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
ATG Special Report -- Website Accessibility of Public Senior Institutions in South Carolina
Anyomi, M. E. (2009) · Against the grain · doi:10.7771/2380-176x.2448
Islam, M., Myisha, N. R., Sakib, N., & Ahmed, S. (2026) · Journal of creative writing. · doi:10.70771/jocw.231
Chen, T. (2011) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)
Metadata
- Authors
- Kane, S. K., Shulman, J. A., Shockley, T. J., & Ladner, R. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 2007 international cross-disciplinary conference on Web accessibility (W4A) - W4A '07
- Publisher
- ACM Press
- Published
- 2007
- Pages
- 148
- OpenAlex
- W2021735727
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
- Type
- conference abstract
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Web for All Conference (W4A) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Digital Accessibility for Disabilities
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Information Architecture and Usability
- Keywords
- web accessibility, university websites, accessibility compliance, image accessibility, multilingual content, accessibility statement, accessibility policy, people with disabilities, international universities, cross-national comparison
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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