The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A web accessibility report card for top international university web sites
Abstract
University web pages play a central role in the activities of current and prospective postsecondary students. University sites that are not accessible may exclude people with disabilities from participation in educational, social and professional activities. In order to assess the current state of university web site accessibility, we performed a multi-method analysis of the home pages of 100 top international universities. Each site was analyzed for compliance with accessibility standards, image accessibility, alternate-language and text-only content, and quality of web accessibility statements. Results showed that many top universities continue to have accessibility problems. University web site accessibility also varies greatly across different countries and geographic regions. Remaining obstacles to universal accessibility for universities include low accessibility in non-English-speaking countries and absent or low-quality accessibility policies.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A study conducted to measure accessibility of Top 100 global University web pages (Kane et al., 2007).”
From Accessibility of Indian universities’ homepages: An exploratory study (2018) · cites this paper as Kane et al., 2007
In the citing paper
“In Top 100 University study and Malaysian University study, two web sites were observed with zero accessibility errors, at the time when the studies were conducted.”
From Accessibility of Indian universities’ homepages: An exploratory study (2018) · cites this paper as Kane et al., 2007
In the citing paper
“| Univ with zero errors | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |”
From Accessibility of Indian universities’ homepages: An exploratory study (2018) · cites this paper as Kane et al., 2007
In the citing paper
“| Total error count | 937 | 14935 | 82685 | 375989 |”
From Accessibility of Indian universities’ homepages: An exploratory study (2018) · cites this paper as Kane et al., 2007
Citations
Cites
Web content accessibility guidelines 1.0
Chisholm, W. A., Vanderheiden, G. C., & Jacobs, I. (2001) · interactions · doi:10.1145/379537.379550 · Cited by 987
The Internet Goes to College: How Students Are Living in the Future with Today's Technology.
Jones, S. (2002) · Cited by 685
Shneiderman, B. (2000) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/332833.332843 · Cited by 622
Improving web accessibility: a study of webmaster perceptions
Lazar, J. K., Dudley, A., & Greenidge, K.-D. (2003) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2003.10.018 · Cited by 353
Cockton, G., DRAPER, S. W., & Weir, G. R. S. (1994) · Cited by 277
Mankoff, J. C., Fait, H., & Tran, T. (2005) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1054972.1054979 · Cited by 206
WebInSight: making web images accessible
Bigham, J. P., Kaminsky, R. S., Ladner, R. E., Danielsson, O. M., & Hempton, G. L. (2006) · Proceedings of the 8th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility · doi:10.1145/1168987.1169018 · Cited by 161 · cited 2×
“We used WebInSight [ 3 ] to analyze web images and their alternate text on each of the English-language home pages.”
MethodSelf-citationThe use of guidelines to automatically verify Web accessibility
Abascal, J., Arrue, M., Fajardo, I., Garay-Vitoria, N., & Tom�s, J. (2004) · Universal Access in the Information Society · doi:10.1007/s10209-003-0069-3 · Cited by 113
Richards, J. T., & Hanson, V. L. (2004) · International World Wide Web Conference (WWW) · doi:10.1145/988672.988683 · Cited by 110
Web accessibility at university libraries and library schools
Schmetzke, A. (2001) · Library Hi Tech · doi:10.1108/07378830110384584 · Cited by 108
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Guidelines are only half of the story: accessibility problems encountered by blind users on the web
Power, C., Freire, A., Petrie, H., & Swallow, D. (2012) · Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2207676.2207736 · Cited by 327
(2017) · doi:10.1145/2998181.2998364 · Cited by 258
How Blind People Interact with Visual Content on Social Networking Services
Voykinska, V., Azenkot, S., Wu, S., & Leshed, G. (2016) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/2818048.2820013 · Cited by 190
Accessibility of Indian universities’ homepages: An exploratory study
Ismail, A., & Kuppusamy, K. S. (2018) · Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jksuci.2016.06.006 · Cited by 114
“Multi-method analysis of the homepages of top 100 international universities was used for analyzing the accessibility standards and its conformance levels, image accessibility, alternative languages and text-only content, quality of web accessibility statements (Kane et al., 2007).”
InfluentialExamining Image-Based Button Labeling for Accessibility in Android Apps through Large-Scale Analysis
Ross, A. S., Zhang, X., Fogarty, J., & Wobbrock, J. O. (2018) · Proceedings of the 20th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility · doi:10.1145/3234695.3236364 · Cited by 90
Metadata
- Authors
- Kane, S. K., Shulman, J. A., Shockley, T. J., & Ladner, R. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 2007 international cross-disciplinary conference on Web accessibility (W4A) - W4A '07
- Publisher
- ACM Press
- Published
- 2007
- Pages
- 148
- OpenAlex
- W2021735727
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
- Type
- conference abstract
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Web for All Conference (W4A) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Digital Accessibility for Disabilities
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Information Architecture and Usability
- Keywords
- web accessibility, university websites, accessibility compliance, image accessibility, multilingual content, accessibility statement, accessibility policy, people with disabilities, international universities, cross-national comparison
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
