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Cited by 607

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

You've been warned: an empirical study of the effectiveness of web browser phishing warnings

Egelman, Serge, Cranor, Lorrie Faith, Hong, Jason·2008·Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Abstract

Many popular web browsers are now including active phishing warnings after previous research has shown that passive warnings are often ignored. In this laboratory study we examine the effectiveness of these warnings and examine if, how, and why they fail users. We simulated a spear phishing attack to expose users to browser warnings. We found that 97% of our sixty participants fell for at least one of the phishing messages that we sent them. However, we also found that when presented with the active warnings, 79% of participants heeded them, which was not the case for the passive warning that we tested---where only one participant heeded the warnings. Using a model from the warning sciences we analyzed how users perceive warning messages and offer suggestions for creating more effective warning messages within the phishing context.

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Metadata

Authors
Egelman, S., Cranor, L. F., & Hong, J.
Venue
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Publisher
ACM
Published
2008-04-06
Pages
1065-1074
OpenAlex
W2099889974
Cited by
607
References
3
FWCI
20.98
Type
conference paper
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: You've been warned: an empirical study of the effectiveness of web browser phishing warnings. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1145/1357054.1357219
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Egelman, S., Cranor, L. F., & Hong, J. (2008). You've been warned: an empirical study of the effectiveness of web browser phishing warnings. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. https://doi.org/10.1145/1357054.1357219

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Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.