Differences in the mechanics of information diffusion across topics: idioms, political hashtags, and complex contagion on twitter
Abstract
There is a widespread intuitive sense that different kinds of information spread differently on-line, but it has been difficult to evaluate this question quantitatively since it requires a setting where many different kinds of information spread in a shared environment. Here we study this issue on Twitter, analyzing the ways in which tokens known as hashtags spread on a network defined by the interactions among Twitter users. We find significant variation in the ways that widely-used hashtags on different topics spread.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Inflammatory messages possess stronger viral potential in social networks.
“confirming that inflammatory messages possess stronger viral potential in social networks.”
From AgentSociety: Large-Scale Simulation of LLM-Driven Generative Agents Advances Understanding of Human Behaviors and Society (2025) · cites this paper as [87]
Standard information diffusion models cannot fully explain how inflammatory messages propagate because user sharing behaviors often deviate from typical patterns when encountering such content.
“Standard information diffusion models cannot fully explain how inflammatory messages propagate [87, 21], because user sharing behaviors often deviate from typical patterns when encountering such content.”
From AgentSociety: Large-Scale Simulation of LLM-Driven Generative Agents Advances Understanding of Human Behaviors and Society (2025) · cites this paper as [87]
Cites
Complex Contagions and the Weakness of Long Ties
Centola, D., & Macy, M. (2007) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/521848 · Cited by 1,878 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The COVID-19 social media infodemic
Cinelli, M., Quattrociocchi, W., Galeazzi, A., Valensise, C. M., Brugnoli, E., Schmidt, A. L., Zola, P., Zollo, F., & Scala, A. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-73510-5 · Cited by 2,313 · see citing works
An overview of online fake news: Characterization, detection, and discussion
Zhang, X., & Ghorbani, A. A. (2020) · Information Processing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2019.03.004 · Cited by 997 · see citing works
Social Data: Biases, Methodological Pitfalls, and Ethical Boundaries
Olteanu, A., Castillo, C., Diaz, F., & Kıcıman, E. (2019) · Frontiers in Big Data · doi:10.3389/fdata.2019.00013 · Cited by 763 · see citing works
Tufekci, Z. (2014) · Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media · doi:10.1609/icwsm.v8i1.14517 · Cited by 780 · see citing works
Yang (2019) · doi:10.1145/3339474 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
The dynamics of protest recruitment through an online network
González-Bailón, S., Borge-Holthoefer, J., Rivero, A., & Moreno, Y. (2011) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep00197 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
Boutyline, A., & Willer, R. (2017) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12337 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Ghiassi, M., Skinner, J., & Zimbra, D. (2013) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2013.05.057 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
(How) will the revolution be retweeted?: information diffusion and the 2011 Egyptian uprising
Starbird, K., & Palen, L. (2012) · Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work · doi:10.1145/2145204.2145212 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Broadcasters and hidden influentials in online protest diffusion
González-Bailón, S., Borge-Holthoefer, J., & Moreno, Y. (2013) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764213479371 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Assessing the bias in samples of large online networks
González-Bailón, S., Wang, N., Rivero, A., Borge-Holthoefer, J., & Moreno, Y. (2014) · Social Networks · doi:10.1016/j.socnet.2014.01.004 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Partisan asymmetries in online political activity
Conover, M. D., Gonçalves, B., Flammini, A., & Menczer, F. (2012) · EPJ Data Science · doi:10.1140/epjds6 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
How Visibility and Divided Attention Constrain Social Contagion
Hodas, N. O., & Lerman, K. (2012) · 2012 International Conference on Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust and 2012 International Confernece on Social Computing · doi:10.1109/socialcom-passat.2012.129 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Competing for Attention in Social Media under Information Overload Conditions
Feng, L., Hu, Y., Li, B., Stanley, H. E., Havlin, S., & Braunstein, L. A. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126090 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Exposure to social engagement metrics increases vulnerability to misinformation
Avram, M., Micallef, N., Patil, S., & Menczer, F. (2020) · Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review · doi:10.37016/mr-2020-033 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Digital Wildfires: Propagation, Verification, Regulation, and Responsible Innovation
Webb, H., Burnap, P., Procter, R., Rana, O., Stahl, B. C., Williams, M., Housley, W., Edwards, A., & Jirotka, M. (2016) · ACM Transactions on Information Systems · doi:10.1145/2893478 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Impact of repeated exposures on information spreading in social networks
Zhou, C., Zhao, Q., & Lu, W. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140556 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Piao, J., Yan, Y., Zhang, J., Li, N., Yan, J., Lan, X., Lu, Z., Zheng, Z., Wang, J. Y., Zhou, D., et al. (2025) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5954414 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Liang, H., & Fu, K.-W. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134270 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Guerrero-Solé, F., & Lopez-Gonzalez, H. (2019) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/0894439317744163 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Piao, J., Yan, Y., Zhang, J., Li, N., Yan, J., Lan, X., Lu, Z., Zheng, Z., Wang, J. Y., Zhou, D., et al. (2025) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2502.08691 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Standard information diffusion models cannot fully explain how inflammatory messages propagate [84, 21], because user sharing behaviors often deviate from typical patterns when encountering such content.”
- Authors
- Romero, D. M., Meeder, B., & Kleinberg, J.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 20th international conference on World wide web
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2011-03-28
- Pages
- 695-704
- OpenAlex
- W2145446394
- Cited by
- 1,082
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 113 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 70 · 2017: 94 · 2016: 95 · 2015: 111 · 2014: 134 · 2013: 111 · 2012: 82
- FWCI
- 100.66
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International World Wide Web Conference (WWW) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Complex Network Analysis Techniques
- Social Sciences › Communication › Social Media and Politics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Keywords
- information dissemination, hashtags, Twitter, social networks, online information spread
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review