The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An empirical evaluation of graspable user interfaces: towards specialized, space-multiplexed input
Open accessAbstract
This paper reports on the experimental evaluation of a GraspableUser Interface that employs a "spacemultiplexing" input scheme in which each function to be controlled has a dedicated physical transducer, each occupying its own space.This input style contrasts the more traditional "time-multiplexing" input scheme which uses one device (such as the mouse) to control different functions at different points in time.A tracking experiment was conducted to compare a traditional GUI design with its time-multiplex input scheme versus a Graspable UI design having a space-multiplex input scheme.We found that the space-multiplex conditions out perform the time-multiplex conditions.In addition, we found that the use of specialized physical form factors for the input devices instead of generic form factors provide a performance advantage.We rugue that the specialized devices serve as both visual and tactile functional reminders of the associated tool assignment as well as facilitate manipulation due to the customized form factors.
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“Bimanual interaction has been studied extensively by Guiard (1987) and Fitzmaurice and Buxton (1997) and guidelines may be drawn from their results.”
From Physical and Virtual Tools: Activity Theory Applied to the Design of Groupware (2002) · cites this paper as Fitzmaurice and Buxton (1997)
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Citations
Cites
On Distinguishing Epistemic from Pragmatic Action
Kirsh, D., & Maglio, P. (1994) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1804_1 · Cited by 1,641 · cited 1×
“Finally, the design goals of Graspable UIs are guided by research in areas such as 2-handed interactions [6], the use of physical artifacts as cognitive aids [12, 15] and the intelligent use of space and spatial arrangements to simplify choice, perception and internal computation [8, 9].”
MethodInformation capacity of discrete motor responses.
Fitts, P. M., & Peterson, J. R. (1964) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0045689 · Cited by 1,534
Things That Make Us Smart: Defending Human Attributes in the Age of the Machine
Robinson, R., & Norman, D. (1994) · Design Issues · doi:10.2307/1511661 · Cited by 1,528
Representations in Distributed Cognitive Tasks
Zhang, J., & Norman, D. A. (1994) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1801_3 · Cited by 1,203 · cited 1×
“Finally, the design goals of Graspable UIs are guided by research in areas such as 2-handed interactions [6], the use of physical artifacts as cognitive aids [12, 15] and the intelligent use of space and spatial arrangements to simplify choice, perception and internal computation [8, 9].”
MethodAsymmetric Division of Labor in Human Skilled Bimanual Action: The Kinematic Chain as a Model
Guiard, Y. (1987) · Journal of Motor Behavior · doi:10.1080/00222895.1987.10735426 · Cited by 1,134
Bricks: laying the foundations for graspable user interfaces
Fitzmaurice, G. W., Ishii, H., & Buxton, W. A. S. (1995) · Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '95 · doi:10.1145/223904.223964 · Cited by 991
Self-citationKirsh, D. (1995) · Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/0004-3702(94)00017-u · Cited by 980
Passive real-world interface props for neurosurgical visualization
Hinckley, K., Pausch, R. F., Goble, J. C., & Kassell, N. F. (1994) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/191666.191821 · Cited by 539
Situated information spaces and spatially aware palmtop computers
Fitzmaurice, G. W. (1993) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/159544.159566 · Cited by 501
Self-citationMacKenzie, C. L., & Iberall, T. (2011) · Cited by 366
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Research works printed but not linked: 2
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- Sachs , E. , Roberts , A. and Stoops , D . ( 1990 ). 3- Draw: A tool for the conceptual design of threedimensional shapes . CHI'90 Technical Video Program, A CM SIGGRAPH Video Review, Issue 55 , No. 2. Sachs, E., Roberts, A. and Stoops, D. (1990). 3- Draw: A tool for the conceptual design of threedimensional shapes. CHI'90 Technical Video Program, A CM SIGGRAPH Video Review, Issue 55, No. 2.
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Bailly, C. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/01f21079z0ec1z48a0z846cze0f6bc3130b3
Tangible Interaction for Wall Displays
Courtoux, E. (2023) · doi:10.70675/3e6704fezd03cz4083z89fczc267d657aa66
Férey, N., Vincke, B., Ghaoui, M. A., Saint-Léger, N., Spivak, M., & Nelson, J. (2026) · ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction (SUI) · doi:10.1145/3822518.3830047
A Laboratory for Geometric Performance 1
Wei, S. X. (1999)
Metadata
- Authors
- Fitzmaurice, G. W., & Buxton, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 1997-03-27
- Pages
- 43-50
- OpenAlex
- W1975142584
- Cited by
- 244
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.62
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (publishedVersion)
- OCAD University Open Research Repository (OCAD University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Toronto
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Interactive and Immersive Displays
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design › Data Visualization and Analytics
- Keywords
- tracking performance, human-computer interaction, tactile feedback, visual feedback
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