The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Trajectories of depression: unobtrusive monitoring of depressive states by means of smartphone mobility traces analysis
Abstract
One of the most interesting applications of mobile sensing is monitoring of individual behavior, especially in the area of mental health care. Most existing systems require an interaction with the device, for example they may require the user to input his/her mood state at regular intervals. In this paper we seek to answer whether mobile phones can be used to unobtrusively monitor individuals affected by depressive mood disorders by analyzing only their mobility patterns from GPS traces. In order to get ground-truth measurements, we have developed a smartphone application that periodically collects the locations of the users and the answers to daily questionnaires that quantify their depressive mood. We demonstrate that there exists a significant correlation between mobility trace characteristics and the depressive moods. Finally, we present the design of models that are able to successfully predict changes in the depressive mood of individuals by analyzing their movements.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“For mobility features, we computed the distance and radius based on locations to which our participants travelled as these features were shown to be important in previous studies [8,48].”
In the citing paper
“The relationship between reduced activity levels and mobility patterns and high stress and low mental health has been studied [48,65].”
In the citing paper
“GPS traces also produce similar conclusions [117]—significant correlation exists between mobility trace characteristics and the depressive moods of individuals.”
From Human-centred artificial intelligence for mobile health sensing: challenges and opportunities (2023) · cites this paper as [117]
In the citing paper
“Canzian et al [18] were able to show a tendency of correlation between a range of GPS metrics similar to the ones presented by Saeb et al [17] and a self-reported depression scores.”
From Mobile Sensing and Support for People With Depression: A Pilot Trial in the Wild (2016) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“duration, and time of the day of stays at different physical locations were shown to be related to a person’s mental state and can be approximated by WiFi and global positioning systems (GPS) information [17,18].”
From Mobile Sensing and Support for People With Depression: A Pilot Trial in the Wild (2016) · cites this paper as [18]
Citations
Cites
The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x · Cited by 44,910
The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Bjelland, I., Dahl, A. A., Haug, T. T., & Neckelmann, D. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00296-3 · Cited by 9,779
The PHQ-9: A New Depression Diagnostic and Severity Measure
Kroenke, K., & Spitzer, R. L. (2002) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/0048-5713-20020901-06 · Cited by 5,898 · cited 4×
“997 in two different studies between PHQ-9 scores and PHQ-8 scores, and [16] suggests to use the PHQ-8 instead of the PHQ-9 in clinical samples in which the risk of suicidality is felt to be extremely low or if data is being gathered in a self-administered fashion.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialA Practical Guide to Support Vector Classication
Hsu, C., Chang, C.-C., & Lin, C. (2008) · Cited by 5,056
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2010) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006 · Cited by 4,057
Lazer, D., Pentland, A., Adamic, L., Aral, S., Barabási, A.-L., Brewer, D., Christakis, N., Contractor, N., Fowler, J., Gutmann, M., et al. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1167742 · Cited by 3,365
Limits of Predictability in Human Mobility
Song, C., Qu, Z., Blumm, N., & Barabási, A.-L. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1177170 · Cited by 3,234
A survey of mobile phone sensing
Lane, N., Miluzzo, E., Lu, H., Peebles, D., Choudhury, T., & Campbell, A. (2010) · IEEE Communications Magazine · doi:10.1109/mcom.2010.5560598 · Cited by 2,292
The economic cost of brain disorders in Europe
Olesen, J., Gustavsson, A., Svensson, M., Wittchen, H., & Jönsson, B. (2012) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03590.x · Cited by 1,560
Department of Computer Science
Buisman, H., Gomez-rodriguez, M., & Hassanpour, S. (1993) · Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics · doi:10.1016/0377-0427(93)90083-n · Cited by 1,212
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- European Depression Association . IDEA: Impact of Depression at work in Europe Audit , September 2012 . European Depression Association. IDEA: Impact of Depression at work in Europe Audit, September 2012.
- Rao , K. , Wells , T. , and Luo , T . Speeders in a multi-mode (mobile and online) survey. MRA's Alert! Magazine Fourth Quarter 2014 ( 2014 ). Rao, K., Wells, T., and Luo, T. Speeders in a multi-mode (mobile and online) survey. MRA's Alert! Magazine Fourth Quarter 2014 (2014).
- Roßmann , J. Data quality in web surveys of the German longitudinal election study 2009 . In 3rd ECPR Graduate Conference ( 2010 ). Roßmann, J. Data quality in web surveys of the German longitudinal election study 2009. In 3rd ECPR Graduate Conference (2010).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Personal Sensing: Understanding Mental Health Using Ubiquitous Sensors and Machine Learning
Mohr, D. C., Zhang, M., & Schueller, S. M. (2017) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-044949 · Cited by 802
Smartphone Sensors for Health Monitoring and Diagnosis
Majumder, S., & Deen, M. J. (2019) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s19092164 · Cited by 455
Relapse prediction in schizophrenia through digital phenotyping: a pilot study
Barnett, I., Torous, J. B., Staples, P. C., Sandoval, L. R., Keshavan, M. S., & Onnela, J.-P. “. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-018-0030-z · Cited by 435
Systematic review of smartphone-based passive sensing for health and wellbeing
Cornet, V. P., & Holden, R. J. (2018) · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2017.12.008 · Cited by 406
Measuring objective and subjective well-being: dimensions and data sources
Voukelatou, V., Gabrielli, L., Miliou, I., Cresci, S., Sharma, R. R., Tesconi, M., & Pappalardo, L. (2020) · International Journal of Data Science and Analytics · doi:10.1007/s41060-020-00224-2 · Cited by 462
Metadata
- Authors
- Canzian, L., & Musolesi, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- ORCID
- Musolesi, Mirco
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2015-09-07
- Pages
- 1293-1304
- OpenAlex
- W2066806488
- Cited by
- 477
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 65.10
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- EPSRC (EP/L006340/1)
- European Commission (318132)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Transportation › Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- depression, mobile sensing, GPS tracks, movement patterns, non-intrusive monitoring, mental health monitoring, mobile application, location data
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review