Toward Delay-Efficient Game-Aware Data Centers for Cloud Gaming
Abstract
Gaming on demand is an emerging service that has recently started to garner prominence in the gaming industry. Cloud-based video games provide affordable, flexible, and high-performance solutions for end-users with constrained computing resources and enables them to play high-end graphic games on low-end thin clients. Despite its advantages, cloud gaming's Quality of Experience (QoE) suffers from high and varying end-to-end delay. Since the significant part of computational processing, including game rendering and video compression, is performed in data centers, controlling the transfer of information within the cloud has an important impact on the quality of cloud gaming services. In this article, a novel method for minimizing the end-to-end latency within a cloud gaming data center is proposed. We formulate an optimization problem for reducing delay, and propose a Lagrangian Relaxation (LR) time-efficient heuristic algorithm as a practical solution. Simulation results indicate that the heuristic method can provide close-to-optimal solutions. Also, the proposed model reduces end-to-end delay and delay variation by almost 11% and 13.5%, respectively, and outperforms the existing server-centric and network-centric models. As a byproduct, our proposed method also achieves better fairness among multiple competing players by almost 45%, on average, in comparison with existing methods.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
A scalable, commodity data center network architecture
Al-Fares, M., Loukissas, A., & Vahdat, A. M. (2008) · ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review · doi:10.1145/1402946.1402967 · Cited by 3,212 · see citing works
Greenberg, A. G., Hamilton, J. R., Jain, N., Kandula, S., Kim, C., Lahiri, P., Maltz, D. A., Patel, P., & Sengupta, S. (2009) · ACM SIGCOMM Conference (SIGCOMM) · doi:10.1145/1592568.1592576 · Cited by 2,114 · see citing works
Applied Regression Analysis and Generalized Linear Models
Fox, J. (2008) · Cited by 2,051 · see citing works
Greenberg, A. G., Hamilton, J. R., Maltz, D. A., & Patel, P. (2008) · ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review · doi:10.1145/1496091.1496103 · Cited by 1,622 · see citing works
Validation of subgradient optimization
Held, M., Wolfe, P., & Crowder, H. P. (1974) · Mathematical Programming · doi:10.1007/bf01580223 · Cited by 1,376 · see citing works
Guo, C., Lu, G., Li, D., Wu, H., Zhang, X., Shi, Y., Tian, C., Zhang, Y., & Lu, S. (2009) · ACM SIGCOMM Conference (SIGCOMM) · doi:10.1145/1592568.1592577 · Cited by 1,374 · see citing works
Lagrangean relaxation for integer programming
Geoffrion, A. M. (1974) · Mathematical programming studies · doi:10.1007/bfb0120690 · Cited by 1,112 · see citing works
The nature of data center traffic
Kandula, S., Sengupta, S., Greenberg, A. G., Patel, P., & Chaiken, R. (2009) · ACM Internet Measurement Conference (IMC) · doi:10.1145/1644893.1644918 · Cited by 1,032 · see citing works
Lagrangian Relaxation for Integer Programming
Geoffrion, A. M. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-68279-0_9 · Cited by 977 · see citing works
Floudas, C., & Pardalos, P. M. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-48332-7 · Cited by 958 · see citing works
Improving the Scalability of Data Center Networks with Traffic-aware Virtual Machine Placement
Meng, X., Pappas, V., & Zhang, L. (2010) · IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM) · doi:10.1109/infcom.2010.5461930 · Cited by 935 · see citing works
Mysore, R. N., Pamboris, A., Farrington, N., Huang, N., Miri, P., Radhakrishnan, S., Subramanya, V., & Vahdat, A. M. (2009) · ACM SIGCOMM Conference (SIGCOMM) · doi:10.1145/1592568.1592575 · Cited by 929 · see citing works
Floudas, C. A., & Pardalos, P. M. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-74759-0 · Cited by 818 · see citing works
Ligges, U. (2003) · Computational Statistics & Data Analysis · Cited by 795 · see citing works
Energy Efficient Resource Management in Virtualized Cloud Data Centers
Beloglazov, A., & Buyya, R. (2010) · doi:10.1109/ccgrid.2010.46 · Cited by 761 · see citing works
Greenberg, A. G., Hamilton, J. R., Jain, N., Kandula, S., Kim, C., Lahiri, P., Maltz, D. A., Patel, P., & Sengupta, S. (2009) · ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review · doi:10.1145/1594977.1592576 · Cited by 711 · see citing works
An Applications Oriented Guide to Lagrangian Relaxation
Fisher, M. L. (1985) · INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics · doi:10.1287/inte.15.2.10 · Cited by 648 · see citing works
Wilson, C., Ballani, H., Karagiannis, T., et al. (2011) · ACM SIGCOMM Conference (SIGCOMM) · doi:10.1145/2018436.2018443 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Alizadeh, M., Greenberg, A. G., Maltz, D. A., et al. (2010) · ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review · doi:10.1145/1851275.1851192 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Latency and player actions in online games
Claypool, M., & Claypool, K. T. (2006) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/1167838.1167860 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Guo, C., Lu, G., Li, D., Wu, H., Zhang, X., Shi, Y., Tian, C., Zhang, Y., & Lu, S. (2009) · ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review · doi:10.1145/1594977.1592577 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Rao, L., Liu, X., Xie, L., & Liu, W. (2010) · IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM) · doi:10.1109/infcom.2010.5461933 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Deadline-aware datacenter tcp (D2TCP)
Vamanan, B., Hasan, J., & Vijaykumar, T. N. (2012) · ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication (SIGCOMM) · doi:10.1145/2342356.2342388 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Mysore, R. N., Pamboris, A., Farrington, N., Huang, N., Miri, P., Radhakrishnan, S., Subramanya, V., & Vahdat, A. M. (2009) · ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review · doi:10.1145/1594977.1592575 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Liu, L., Wang, H., Liu, X., Jin, X., He, W. B., Wang, Q. B., & Chen, Y. (2009) · doi:10.1145/1555312.1555319 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Non-convex optimization and rate control for multi-class services in the Internet
Lee, J.-W., Mazumdar, R. R., & Shroff, N. B. (2005) · IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking · doi:10.1109/tnet.2005.852876 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Guignard, M. (2003) · Top · doi:10.1007/bf02579036 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Huang, C., Hsu, C.-H., Chang, Y., et al. (2013) · ACM Multimedia Systems Conference (MMSys) · doi:10.1145/2483977.2483981 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Deadline-aware datacenter tcp (D2TCP)
Vamanan, B., Hasan, J., & Vijaykumar, T. N. (2012) · ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review · doi:10.1145/2377677.2377709 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
An experimental estimation of latency sensitivity in multiplayer quake 3
Armitage, G. (2004) · doi:10.1109/icon.2003.1266180 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Analysis of factors affecting players' performance and perception in multiplayer games
Dick, M., Wellnitz, O., & Wolf, L. C. (2005) · doi:10.1145/1103599.1103624 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Wilson, C., Ballani, H., Karagiannis, T., et al. (2011) · ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review · doi:10.1145/2043164.2018443 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
CARPO: Correlation-aware power optimization in data center networks
Wang, X., Yao, Y., Wang, X., Lu, K., & Cao, Q. (2012) · IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM) · doi:10.1109/infcom.2012.6195471 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Claypool, M., & Claypool, K. T. (2010) · doi:10.1145/1730836.1730863 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
A hybrid edge-cloud architecture for reducing on-demand gaming latency
Choy, S., Wong, B., Simon, G., & Rosenberg, C. (2014) · Multimedia Systems · doi:10.1007/s00530-014-0367-z · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Gaming in the clouds: QoE and the users’ perspective
Jarschel, M., Schlosser, D., Scheuring, S., & Hoßfeld, T. (2011) · Mathematical and Computer Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.mcm.2011.12.014 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Placing Virtual Machines to Optimize Cloud Gaming Experience
Hong, H.-J., Chen, D., Huang, C., Chen, K.-T., & Hsu, C.-H. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing · doi:10.1109/tcc.2014.2338295 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Using graphics rendering contexts to enhance the real-time video coding for mobile cloud gaming
Shi, S., Hsu, C.-H., Nahrstedt, K., & Campbell, R. H. (2011) · ACM International Conference on Multimedia (ACM MM) · doi:10.1145/2072298.2072313 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Empirically measuring the QoS sensitivity of interactive online game players
Armitage, G. J., & Zander, S. (2004) · Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) · doi:10.25916/sut.26263208 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Achieving fairness in multiplayer network games through automated latency balancing
Zander, S., Leeder, I., & Armitage, G. J. (2005) · ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology (ACE) · doi:10.1145/1178477.1178493 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Thin to Win? Network Performance Analysis of the OnLive Thin Client Game System
Claypool, M., Finkel, D., Grant, E., et al. (2012) · Cited by 64 · see citing works
On the k-Splittable Flow Problem
Baier, G., Köhler, E., & Skutella, M. (2002) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/3-540-45749-6_13 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Motion and scene complexity for streaming video games
Claypool, M. (2009) · International Conference on Foundations of Digital Games (FDG) · doi:10.1145/1536513.1536529 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
YouTube & Facebook Quality of Experience in mobile broadband networks
Casas, P., Sackl, A., Egger, S., & Schatz, R. (2012) · IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps) · doi:10.1109/glocomw.2012.6477764 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Slivar, I., Sužnjević, M., & Skorin‐Kapov, L. (2015) · International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX) · doi:10.1109/qomex.2015.7148144 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
An SDN Controller for Delay and Jitter Reduction in Cloud Gaming
Amiri, M., Osman, H. A., Shirmohammadi, S., & Abdallah, M. (2015) · ACM International Conference on Multimedia (ACM MM) · doi:10.1145/2733373.2806397 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationVideo rate control strategies for cloud gaming
Sun, K., & Wu, D. O. (2015) · Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation · doi:10.1016/j.jvcir.2015.03.012 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Multiplayer cloud gaming system with cooperative video sharing
Cai, W., & Leung, V. C. M. (2012) · IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science · doi:10.1109/cloudcom.2012.6427515 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Assessing Latency in Cloud Gaming
Lampe, U., Wu, Q., Dargutev, S., Hans, R., Miede, A., & Steinmetz, R. (2014) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11561-0_4 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
HVSTO: Efficient privacy preserving hybrid storage in cloud data center
Dong, M., Li, H., Ota, K., et al. (2014) · IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS) · doi:10.1109/infcomw.2014.6849287 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
MPEG-4-based adaptive remote rendering for video games
Tizon, N., Alcerreca, C. M., Mihai Cernea, D., & Preda, M. (2011) · international conference on 3D web technology · doi:10.1145/2010425.2010433 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Shirmohammadi, S., Abdalla, M., Ahmed, D. T., et al. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology · doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2015.2473075 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationA video encoding speed-up architecture for cloud gaming
Semsarzadeh, M., Hemmati, M., Javadtalab, A., et al. (2014) · IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo workshops · doi:10.1109/icmew.2014.6890685 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Assessing Latency in Cloud Gaming
Lampe, U., Wu, Q., Dargutev, S., et al. (2014) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14224-1_4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
2024 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops (ICMEW)
(2024) · IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo workshops · doi:10.1109/icmew63481.2024.10645472 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Luo, G., Qian, Z., Dong, M., et al. (2014) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11197-1_20 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
SmartRep: Reducing flow completion times with minimal replication in data centers
Wang, F., Qian, Z., Zhang, S., et al. (2015) · International Conference on Communications · doi:10.1109/icc.2015.7248364 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Langrangean relaxations for a generalised assignments-type problem
Chalmet, L., & Gelders, L. F. (1976) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
QoE Management of Multimedia Streaming Services in Future Networks: A Tutorial and Survey
Barakabitze, A. A., Barman, N., Ahmad, A., Zadtootaghaj, S., Sun, L., Martini, M. G., & Atzori, L. (2020) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2019.2958784 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
- Authors
- Amiri, M., Osman, H. A., Shirmohammadi, S., & Abdallah, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Sorbonne Université (FR)
- Venue
- ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications
- Published
- 2016-09-21
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 5s
- Pages
- 1-19
- ISSN
- 1551-6857 (ISSN-L)
- 1551-6865
- OpenAlex
- W2521354882
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 8.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Hardware and Architecture › Cloud Computing and Remote Desktop Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cloud Computing and Resource Management
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
- Keywords
- cloud gaming, end-to-end delay, jitter, Lagrangian relaxation, heuristic algorithms, quality of experience, video compression
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review