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Continuous Authentication for Voice Assistants
Open accessAbstract
Voice has become an increasingly popular User Interaction (UI) channel, mainly contributing to the current trend of wearables, smart vehicles, and home automation systems. Voice assistants such as Alexa, Siri, and Google Now, have become our everyday fixtures, especially when/where touch interfaces are inconvenient or even dangerous to use, such as driving or exercising. The open nature of the voice channel makes voice assistants difficult to secure, and hence exposed to various threats as demonstrated by security researchers. To defend against these threats, we present VAuth, the first system that provides continuous authentication for voice assistants. VAuth is designed to fit in widely-adopted wearable devices, such as eyeglasses, earphones/buds and necklaces, where it collects the body-surface vibrations of the user and matches it with the speech signal received by the voice assistant's microphone. VAuth guarantees the voice assistant to execute only the commands that originate from the voice of the owner. We have evaluated VAuth with 18 users and 30 voice commands and find it to achieve 97% detection accuracy and less than 0.1% false positive rate, regardless of VAuth's position on the body and the user's language, accent or mobility. VAuth successfully thwarts various practical attacks, such as replay attacks, mangled voice attacks, or impersonation attacks. It also incurs low energy and latency overheads and is compatible with most voice assistants.
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“Speaker recognition is one of the important means for identity identification, which has many applications in various AIoT domains, for example, automatic transcription system for multi-person meetings, personalized recommendation by smart voice assistants [170], and audio forensics [171].”
From Empowering things with intelligence: a survey of the progress, challenges, and opportunities in artificial intelligence of things (2021) · cites this paper as [170]
In the citing paper
“For example, 1) continuous speaker authentication [170] in smart home voice assistants by integrating body-surface vibration signals with speech signal, is related to smart security (Section IV-A);”
From Empowering things with intelligence: a survey of the progress, challenges, and opportunities in artificial intelligence of things (2021) · cites this paper as [170]
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Li, A., Li, J., Zhang, Y., Han, D., Li, T., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/twc.2022.3226753 · Cited by 23
EchoVib: Exploring Voice Authentication via Unique Non-Linear Vibrations of Short Replayed Speech
Anand, S. A., Liu, J., Wang, C., Shirvanian, M., Saxena, N., & Chen, Y. J. (2021) · ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security (ASIA CCS) · doi:10.1145/3433210.3437518 · Cited by 22
Using AI to Attack VA: A Stealthy Spyware Against Voice Assistances in Smart Phones
Zhang, R., Chen, X., Wen, S., Zheng, X., & Ding, Y. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2945791 · Cited by 23
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Universal adversarial examples in speech command classificationPreprint
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Metadata
- Authors
- Feng, H., Fawaz, K., & Shin, K. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2017-10-04
- Pages
- 343-355
- ISSN
- 1543-5679 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2575585029
- Cited by
- 293
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 21.00
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- ACM Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom) (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- NSF (CNS-1505785, CNS-1646130)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › User Authentication and Security Systems
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Biometric Identification and Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Advanced Authentication Protocols Security
- Keywords
- continuous authentication, voice assistants, wearable devices, speech authentication, replay attacks, impersonation attacks
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