Applicability of the IEC 62443 standard in Industry 4.0 / IIoT
Abstract
Today's industrial automation systems are undergoing a digital transformation that implies a shift towards the Internet of Things (IoT), leading to the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) paradigm. Existing Industrial Automated Control Systems (IACS), enriched with a potentially large number of IoT devices are expected to make systems more efficient, flexible, provide intelligence, and ultimately enable autonomous control. In general, the majority of such systems come with high level of criticality that calls for well-established methods and approaches when achieving cybersecurity, preferably prescribed by a standard.
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There is a substantial gap between existing IT and OT domains which makes the IIoT environment more vulnerable to existing security issues.
“There is a substantial gap between the existing information technology and operational technology (IT/OT) domains which makes the IIoT environment more vulnerable to existing security issues [5,6,7,8,9,10].”
From Industrial IoT, Cyber Threats, and Standards Landscape: Evaluation and Roadmap (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
Identifying a breach before damage has incurred is critical to the whole environment.
“Identifying the breach before damage has incurred is critical to the whole environment [5].”
From Industrial IoT, Cyber Threats, and Standards Landscape: Evaluation and Roadmap (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
M2M communication networks are an integral part of connected factories involving high dependency on next generation wireless communication systems.
“M2M communication networks are an integral part of connected factories involving high dependency on next generation wireless communication systems (5G, time sensitive networking, etc.) [4,5] and involving self-automated, self-driven, and self-learning network characteristics.”
From Industrial IoT, Cyber Threats, and Standards Landscape: Evaluation and Roadmap (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
M2M networks involve low-end devices with limited resources and implementing costly security algorithms like asymmetrical cryptography does not fit the scope for IIoT.
“M2M networks involve low-end devices with limited resources and implementing costly security algorithms like asymmetrical cryptography does not fit the scope for IIoT [5].”
From Industrial IoT, Cyber Threats, and Standards Landscape: Evaluation and Roadmap (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
There is an obvious risk that parts of IEC 62443 may become obsolete due to the introduction of the IIoT.
“According to Leander et al. [41], there is an obvious risk that parts of IEC 62443 may become obsolete due to the introduction of the IIoT.”
From Mapping of Industrial IoT to IEC 62443 Standards (2025) · cites this paper as [41]
The potential lack of updates makes an IIoT system vulnerable.
“The potential lack of updates in turn makes the system vulnerable.”
From Mapping of Industrial IoT to IEC 62443 Standards (2025) · cites this paper as [41]
Security zones will be more difficult to maintain due to the dynamic nature of IIoT systems.
“Security zones will be more difficult to maintain due to the dynamic nature of IIoT systems.”
From Mapping of Industrial IoT to IEC 62443 Standards (2025) · cites this paper as [41]
The sheer number of devices in IIoT systems makes conventional monitoring and updating procedures used in OT unfeasible.
“The sheer number of devices in this type of system makes the conventional monitoring and updating procedures used in OT unfeasible.”
From Mapping of Industrial IoT to IEC 62443 Standards (2025) · cites this paper as [41]
Leander et al. [41] do not offer a comprehensive overview of common IIoT vulnerabilities and their mapping to existing IEC 62443 requirements.
“While the paper provides valuable insights, it does not offer a comprehensive overview of common IIoT vulnerabilities and their mapping to existing IEC 62443 requirements.”
From Mapping of Industrial IoT to IEC 62443 Standards (2025) · cites this paper as [41]
Leander et al. [41] do not provide a complete mapping of the IEC 62443 series to an IIoT environment.
“Conversely, it also does not provide a complete mapping of the IEC 62443 series to an IIoT environment.”
From Mapping of Industrial IoT to IEC 62443 Standards (2025) · cites this paper as [41]
International standards ISA99 and IEC62443 refer to the hierarchical structure according to the ISA95 model.
“The international standards regarding industrial control systems, such as ISA99 and IEC62443, also refer to the hierarchical structure according to the ISA95 model [19,20].”
From Asset Management Method of Industrial IoT Systems for Cyber-Security Countermeasures (2021) · cites this paper as [19]
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Gholamizadeh, K., Behie, S. W., Pasman, H. J., & Yang, M. (2026) · Process Safety and Environmental Protection · doi:10.1016/j.psep.2026.109780
- Authors
- Leander, B., Čaušević, A., & Hansson, H.
- Affiliations
- Mälardalen University (SE)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2019-08-26
- Pages
- 1-8
- OpenAlex
- W2967819419
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 9.07
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Digital Transformation in Industry
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Information and Cyber Security
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Industrial Automation and Control Systems
- Keywords
- IEC 62443, Industrial Internet of Things, Industry 4.0, industrial automation systems, industrial control systems, cybersecurity standards, Internet of Things, critical infrastructure security, digital transformation
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