The DOI matches its Crossref record; 80 of the 81 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
How WEIRD is CHI?
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Computer technology is often designed in technology hubs in Western countries, invariably making it “WEIRD”, because it is based on the intuition, knowledge, and values of people who are Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic. Developing technology that is universally useful and engaging requires knowledge about members of WEIRD and non-WEIRD societies alike. In other words, it requires us, the CHI community, to generate this knowledge by studying representative participant samples. To find out to what extent CHI participant samples are from Western societies, we analyzed papers published in the CHI proceedings between 2016-2020. Our findings show that 73% of CHI study findings are based on Western participant samples, representing less than 12% of the world’s population. Furthermore, we show that most participant samples at CHI tend to come from industrialized, rich, and democratic countries with generally highly educated populations. Encouragingly, recent years have seen a slight increase in non-Western samples and those that include several countries. We discuss suggestions for further broadening the international representation of CHI participant samples.
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“Computer technologies are often shaped by the perspectives of people who are educated, financially secure, and accustomed to stable living conditions [79].”
From Understanding Teen Overreliance on AI Companion Chatbots Through Self-Reported Reddit Narratives (2026) · cites this paper as [79]
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Amoozadeh, M., Daniels, D., Nam, D., Kumar, A., Chen, S., Hilton, M., Ragavan, S. S., & Alipour, M. A. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2310.04631 · Cited by 143
Flourishing in the Everyday: Moving Beyond Damage-Centered Design in HCI for BIPOC Communities
To, A., Smith, A. D. R., Showkat, D., Adjagbodjou, A. D., & Harrington, C. (2023) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3563657.3596057 · Cited by 121
Using Thematic Analysis in Healthcare HCI at CHI: A Scoping Review
Bowman, R., Nadal, C., Morrissey, K., Thieme, A., & Doherty, G. (2023) · Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3581203 · Cited by 107
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Sharma, V., Kumar, N., & Nardi, B. A. (2023) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/3624981 · Cited by 119
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Webber, S. E., Kelly, R., Wadley, G., & Smith, W. (2023) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3581534 · Cited by 112
Metadata
- Authors
- Linxen, S., Sturm, C., Brühlmann, F., Cassau, V., Opwis, K., & Reinecke, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Basel (CH)
- Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences (DE)
- University of Washington (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2021-05-06
- Pages
- 1-14
- OpenAlex
- W1119960297
- Cited by
- 254
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 70 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 9
- FWCI
- 27.66
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1651487)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Innovative Human-Technology Interaction
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Technology in Education
- Keywords
- WEIRD populations, cross-cultural research, sample diversity
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