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Cited by 35Teaching and Learning ProgrammingGender and Technology in EducationCareer Development and Diversity

A Decade of Demographics in Computing Education Research: A Critical Review of Trends in Collection, Reporting, and Use

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Oleson, Alannah, Xie, Benjamin, Salac, Jean, Everson, Jayne, Kivuva, F. Megumi, Ko, Amy J.·2022·Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research - Volume 1
DOI 10.1145/3501385.3543967
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Abstract

Computing education research (CER) has used demographic data to understand learners’ identities, backgrounds, and contexts for efforts such as culturally-responsive computing. Prior work indicates that failing to elucidate and critically engage with the implicit assumptions of a field can unintentionally reinforce power structures that further marginalize people from non-dominant groups. The goal of this paper is two-fold: to understand what populations CER researchers have studied, and to surface implicit assumptions about how researchers have collected, reported, and used demographic data on these populations. We conducted a content analysis of 510 peer-reviewed papers published in 12 CER venues from 2012 to 2021. We found that (1) 60% of papers studied older learners in formal contexts (i.e. post-secondary education); (2) 68% of papers left unclear how researchers collected demographic data; and (3) while 94% of papers were single-site studies, only 14% addressed the limitations of their contexts. We also identified hegemonic norms through ambiguous aggregate term usage (e.g. underrepresented, diverse) in 23% of papers, and through incomplete reporting of demographics (i.e. leaving out demographics for some participants in their sample) in 35% of papers. We discuss the implications of these findings for the CER field, raising considerations for CER researchers to keep in mind when collecting, reporting, and using demographic data.

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Oleson, A., Xie, B., Salac, J., Everson, J., Kivuva, F. M., & Ko, A. J.
Affiliations
  • University of Washington (US)
  • Bard College (US)
ORCID
Venue
Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research - Volume 1
Publisher
ACM
Published
2022-08-03
Pages
323-343
DOI
10.1145/3501385.3543967
OpenAlex
W4289731714
Cited by
35
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10
FWCI
8.15
Type
conference paper
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research (ICER) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
National Science Foundation (2122950, 2100296, 1539179, 2137312, 2127309, 2137834, 2031265, 1762114, 1836813, 1703304)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Science Applications › Teaching and Learning Programming
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Technology in Education
  • Social Sciences › Safety Research › Career Development and Diversity
Keywords
demographic data, computing education research, demographic reporting, data collection practices, underrepresented groups, hegemonic norms, power structures, marginalized communities, older students

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