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Cited by 17Innovative Human-Technology InteractionUsability and User Interface DesignTechnology Use by Older Adults

Beyond "Vulnerable Populations": A Unified Understanding of Vulnerability From A Socio-Ecological Perspective

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Tang, Xinru, Lima, Gabriel, Jiang, Li, Simko, Lucy, Zou, Yixin·2025·Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction
DOI 10.1145/3710935
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Abstract

HCI and CSCW research has witnessed increasing efforts to address diversity and inclusion in research and design practice, as evidenced by the growing body of research with populations deemed as vulnerable, marginalized, or underserved. However, this work has been largely limited to a population-specific approach, i.e., identifying certain populations as vulnerable and gathering their individual experiences. Drawing primarily from human-centered security and privacy research, we identify three key challenges faced by this population-specific approach: (1) It is limited in addressing user diversity within the target population; (2) It may fail to capture the complex social reality of vulnerability; and (3) It runs the risk of perpetuating othering and stereotypes. To address these limitations, we propose a socio-ecological perspective on vulnerability adapted from the Ecological System Theory (EST). We argue that a socio-ecological perspective of vulnerability can guide researchers to look beyond static and stigmatizing definitions of vulnerability --- instead, focus on the situations, relations, and structures that lead to vulnerability, eventually enabling transferable knowledge of vulnerability across populations. We demonstrate how the socio-ecological lens maps onto existing work and generates new insights in the case of older adults' security and privacy, as well as its potential for being applied to other contexts such as reproductive privacy and responsible artificial intelligence. We end by providing concrete recommendations on how HCI and CSCW research can better operationalize vulnerability in scholarship and design practice.

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Tang, X., Lima, G., Jiang, L., Simko, L., & Zou, Y.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Irvine (US)
  • Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy (DE)
  • George Washington University (US)
  • Barnard College (US)
ORCID
Venue
Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction
Publisher
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Published
2025-05-02
Volume
9
Issue
2
Pages
1-30
ISSN
2573-0142 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1145/3710935
OpenAlex
W4410539186
Cited by
17
References
16
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 2
FWCI
14.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.acm.org/publications/policies/copyright_policy#Background (vor)
Locations
Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction (publishedVersion)
Funders
The Max Planck Society and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (EXC 2092 CASA ? 390781972)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Innovative Human-Technology Interaction
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
  • Social Sciences › Demography › Technology Use by Older Adults
Keywords
vulnerability, socio-ecological perspective, ecological systems theory, human-centered security, privacy, older adults, diversity and inclusion, othering, stereotypes, transferable knowledge, responsible AI, marginalized communities

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