CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 441Virtual Reality Applications and ImpactsSocial Robot Interaction and HRIGaze Tracking and Assistive Technology

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

The impact of avatar realism and eye gaze control on perceived quality of communication in a shared immersive virtual environment

Garau, Maia, Slater, Mel, Vinayagamoorthy, Vinoba, Brogni, Andrea, Steed, Anthony, Sasse, M. Angela·2003·Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
DOI 10.1145/642611.642703
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This paper presents an experiment designed to investigate the impact of visual and behavioral realism in avatars on perceived quality of communication in an immersive virtual environment. Participants were paired by gender and were randomly assigned to a CAVE‘-like system or a head-mounted display. Both were represented by a humanoid avatar in the shared 3D environment. The visual appearance of the avatars was either basic and genderless (like a "match-stick" figure), or more photorealistic and gender-specific. Similarly, eye gaze behavior was either random or inferred from voice, to reflect different levels of behavioral realism. Our comparative analysis of 48 post-experiment questionnaires confirms earlier findings from non-immersive studies using semi-photorealistic avatars, where inferred gaze significantly outperformed random gaze. However responses to the lower-realism avatar are adversely affected by inferred gaze, revealing a significant interaction effect between appearance and behavior. We discuss the importance of aligning visual and behavioral realism for increased avatar effectiveness.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1145/642611.642703

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Interpersonal cues can be used strategically in face-to-face situations, and even more so in mediated communication that allows the sender more control over the cues he gives off.

    “These cues can be used strategically in face-to-face situations, and even more so in mediated communication that allows the sender more control over the cues he gives off (e.g. in prerecorded video or in an avatar-representation; Garau et al., 2003).”

    From The mechanics of trust: A framework for research and design (2005) · cites this paper as Garau et al., 2003

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 25

  1. Argyle , M. Bodily Communication . Methuen & Co. , London , 1975 . Argyle, M. Bodily Communication. Methuen & Co., London, 1975.
  2. Argyle , M. Bodily Communication . 2 nd ed., Methuen & Co. , London , 1988 . Argyle, M. Bodily Communication. 2nd ed., Methuen & Co., London, 1988.
  3. Argyle , M. and Cook , M . Gaze and Mutual Gaze . Cambridge University Press , Cambridge , 1976 . Argyle, M. and Cook, M. Gaze and Mutual Gaze. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1976.
  4. 10.1515/semi.1972.6.1.32 · DOI
  5. Argyle , M. , Ingham , R. , Alkema , F. , and McCallin , M. The Different Functions of Gaze. Semiotica 7 ( 1973 ), 10 -- 32 . Argyle, M., Ingham, R., Alkema, F., and McCallin, M. The Different Functions of Gaze. Semiotica 7 (1973), 10--32.
  6. 10.1162/105474601753272844 · DOI
  7. 10.1145/223904.223935 · DOI
  8. Cassell , J. , Sullivan , J. , Prevost , S. , and Churchill , E. , Eds ., Embodied Conversational Agents , The MIT Press , Cambridge, MA , 2000 . Cassell, J., Sullivan, J., Prevost, S., and Churchill, E., Eds., Embodied Conversational Agents, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2000. · DOI
  9. 10.1145/166117.166134 · DOI
  10. 10.1162/105474601750182351 · DOI
  11. Fukayama , A. , Sawaki , M. , Ohno , T. , Murase , H. , Hagita , N. , and Mukawa , N . Expressing Personality of Interface Agents by Gaze , in Proceedings of INTERACT ( Tokyo, Japan , 2001 ), 793--794. Fukayama, A., Sawaki, M., Ohno, T., Murase, H., Hagita, N., and Mukawa, N. Expressing Personality of Interface Agents by Gaze, in Proceedings of INTERACT (Tokyo, Japan, 2001), 793--794.
  12. 10.1145/503376.503385 · DOI
  13. 10.1145/365024.365121 · DOI
  14. 10.1016/0001-6918(67)90005-4 · DOI
  15. 10.1145/566570.566629 · DOI
  16. 10.1207/s15327051hci1004_2 · DOI
  17. 10.1145/351006.351020 · DOI
  18. Slater , M. , Steed , A. , and Chrysanthou , Y . Computer Graphics and Virtual Environments: From Realism to Real-Time . Addison Wesley Publishers , Harlow, England , 2001 . Slater, M., Steed, A., and Chrysanthou, Y. Computer Graphics and Virtual Environments: From Realism to Real-Time. Addison Wesley Publishers, Harlow, England, 2001.
  19. Slater , M. and Steed , A . Meeting People Virtually: Experiments in Virtual Environments. In R. Schroeder, Ed., The Social Life of Avatars: Presence and Interaction in Shared Virtual Environments, Springer Verlag , Berlin , 2001 . Slater, M. and Steed, A. Meeting People Virtually: Experiments in Virtual Environments. In R. Schroeder, Ed., The Social Life of Avatars: Presence and Interaction in Shared Virtual Environments, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2001.
  20. Slater , M. , Steed , A. , Mc.Carthy , J. , and Maringelli , F. The Influence of Body Movement on Subjective Presence in Virtual Environments. Human Factors 40 , 3 ( 1998 ), 469--477. Slater, M., Steed, A., Mc.Carthy, J., and Maringelli, F. The Influence of Body Movement on Subjective Presence in Virtual Environments. Human Factors 40, 3 (1998), 469--477.
  21. 10.2312/EGVE/EGVE01/153-164 · DOI
  22. Straus , S. and McGrath , J. E. Does the Medium Matter: The Interaction of Task and Technology on Group Performance and Member Reactions. Journal of Applied Psychology 79 ( 1994 ), 87--97. Straus, S. and McGrath, J. E. Does the Medium Matter: The Interaction of Task and Technology on Group Performance and Member Reactions. Journal of Applied Psychology 79 (1994), 87--97.
  23. 10.1109/38.734980 · DOI
  24. 10.1145/365024.365119 · DOI
  25. 10.1037/h0027806 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Garau, M., Slater, M., Vinayagamoorthy, V., Brogni, A., Steed, A., & Sasse, M. A.
Affiliations
University College London (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Publisher
ACM
Published
2003-04-05
Pages
529-536
DOI
10.1145/642611.642703
OpenAlex
W2124052984
Cited by
441
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 25 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 17
FWCI
9.86
Type
conference paper
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.acm.org/publications/policies/copyright_policy#Background (vor)
Locations
  • CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • University of Illinois at Chicago
  • Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology
Keywords
avatar realism, eye gaze control, visual realism, behavioral realism, virtual communication, nonverbal communication

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review