Concurrency control in groupware systems
Abstract
Groupware systems are computer-based systems that support two or more users engaged in a common task, and that provide an interface to a shared environment. These systems frequently require fine-granularity sharing of data and fast response times. This paper distinguishes real-time groupware systems from other multi-user systems and discusses their concurrency control requirements. An algorithm for concurrency control in real-time groupware systems is then presented. The advantages of this algorithm are its simplicity of use and its responsiveness: users can operate directly on the data without obtaining locks. The algorithm must know some semantics of the operations. However the algorithm's overall structure is independent of the semantic information, allowing the algorithm to be adapted to many situations. An example application of the algorithm to group text editing is given, along with a sketch of its proof of correctness in this particular case. We note that the behavior desired in many of these systems is non-serializable.
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CRDT convergence already provides the safety property advisory claims need; causality is established by the underlying CRDT which inherits Lamport's happens-before for ordering concurrent edits, in contrast to the operational-transformation lineage that requires a central transformation server.
“CRDT convergence already provides the safety property advisory claims need; causality is established by the underlying CRDT [Shapiro et al., 2011] which inherits Lamport's happens-before [Lamport, 1978] for ordering concurrent edits, in contrast to the operational-transformation lineage [Ellis and Gibbs, 1989, Sun et al., 1998] that requires a central transformation server.”
From AgentRoom: Concurrent Multi-Agent Coding in a CRDT-Backed Shared Workspace (2026) · cites this paper as Ellis and Gibbs, 1989
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- Authors
- Ellis, C. A., & Gibbs, S. J.
- Affiliations
- MCC, Austin, Texas
- Venue
- ACM SIGMOD Record
- Published
- 1989-06
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 399-407
- ISSN
- 0163-5808 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2145220267
- Cited by
- 873
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 41
- FWCI
- 12.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ACM SIGMOD Record (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Distributed systems and fault tolerance
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Advanced Database Systems and Queries
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Multimedia Communication and Technology
- Keywords
- concurrency control, groupware, shared data, lock-free algorithms, correctness proofs, multi-user systems
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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