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Mental Health in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Youth
Open accessAbstract
Today's lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth come out at younger ages, and public support for LGBT issues has dramatically increased, so why do LGBT youth continue to be at high risk for compromised mental health? We provide an overview of the contemporary context for LGBT youth, followed by a review of current science on LGBT youth mental health. Research in the past decade has identified risk and protective factors for mental health, which point to promising directions for prevention, intervention, and treatment. Legal and policy successes have set the stage for advances in programs and practices that may foster LGBT youth mental health. Implications for clinical care are discussed, and important areas for new research and practice are identified.
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“When compared to their cisgender, heterosexual counterparts, LGBTQ+ individuals report disproportionately high rates of stress-associated concerns—such as depression, anxiety, and suicidality—due to the discrimination that results from their minoritized status in society (Meyer, 2003; Russell & Fish, 2016).”
From Demonstrating LGBTQ+ Affirmative Practice in Groups:: Developing Competence through Simulation-Based Learning (2022) · cites this paper as Russell & Fish, 2016
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“Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other sexual and gender minority (LGBTQ+) youth face elevated rates of mental health difficulty alongside persistent barriers to affirming professional care.”
From Artificial intelligence and immersive technologies for LGBTQ+ youth: a narrative review (2026) · cites this paper as Russell and Fish, 2016
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“Compared to their cisgender and heterosexual peers, LGBTQ+ young people experience disproportionately elevated rates of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and self-harm, disparities that are not inherent to their identities but rather reflect the cumulative burden of minority stress, the chronic social stressors of stigma, discrimination, rejection, and identity concealment that accumulate ac”
From Artificial intelligence and immersive technologies for LGBTQ+ youth: a narrative review (2026) · cites this paper as Russell and Fish, 2016
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“Prejudice, discrimination, harassment, and violence from families, peers, and communities of origin all impact their mental health and they experience higher rates of depression, anxiety, self-harm, and suicidal ideation and attempts in response (Russell and Fish 2016).”
From Coming Out Queer: Sexual and Romantic Exploration and Identity Development of LGBQ+ College Students (2025) · cites this paper as Russell and Fish 2016
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“disparities that are not inherent to their identities but rather reflect the cumulative burden of minority stress, the chronic social stressors of stigma, discrimination, rejection, and identity concealment that accumulate across developmental contexts including family, school, communities, and society at large (Meyer, 2003;Russell and Fish, 2016).”
From Artificial intelligence and immersive technologies for LGBTQ+ youth: a narrative review (2026) · cites this paper as Russell and Fish, 2016
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Metadata
- Authors
- Russell, S. T., & Fish, J. N.
- Affiliations
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences,
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2016-03-28
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 465-487
- ISSN
- 1548-5943 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-5951
- PMC
- PMC4887282
- OpenAlex
- W2119188853
- Cited by
- 1,276
- References
- 150
- Citations by year
- 2026: 127 · 2025: 161 · 2024: 181 · 2023: 151 · 2022: 155 · 2021: 148 · 2020: 151 · 2019: 95 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 10.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (F32AA023138)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R24HD042849, P2CHD042849)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Sexuality, and Education
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- LGBTQ youth, mental health, sexual minority youth, coming out, risk factors, protective factors, prevention, intervention, treatment, LGBT policy, clinical care, mental health disparities
- MeSH terms
- Sexual and Gender Minorities, Adolescent, Mental Disorders, Humans
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