The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Equalities and Inequalities: Irreversibility and the Second Law of Thermodynamics at the Nanoscale
Open accessAbstract
The reason we never observe violations of the second law of thermodynamics is in part a matter of statistics: When ∼10 23 degrees of freedom are involved, the odds are overwhelmingly stacked against the possibility of seeing significant deviations away from the mean behavior. As we turn our attention to smaller systems, however, statistical fluctuations become more prominent. In recent years it has become apparent that the fluctuations of systems far from thermal equilibrium are not mere background noise, but satisfy strong, useful, and unexpected properties. In particular, a proper accounting of fluctuations allows us to rewrite familiar inequalities of macroscopic thermodynamics as equalities. This review describes some of this progress, and argues that it has refined our understanding of irreversibility and the second law.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Gallavotti, G. (1999) · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-03952-6 · Cited by 647
Maes, C., & Netočný, K. (2003) · Journal of Statistical Physics · doi:10.1023/a:1021026930129 · Cited by 308
Free Energy Computations: A Mathematical Perspective
Lelièvre, T., Rousset, M., & Stoltz, G. (2010) · doi:10.1142/p579 · Cited by 253
Cited by
Stochastic thermodynamics, fluctuation theorems and molecular machines
Seifert, U. (2012) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/75/12/126001 · Cited by 3,300
Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics
Sohl-Dickstein, J., Weiss, E. A., Maheswaranathan, N., & Ganguli, S. (2015) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1503.03585 · Cited by 2,637
Parrondo, J. M. R., Horowitz, J. M., & Sagawa, T. (2015) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys3230 · Cited by 1,258
Description of quantum coherence in thermodynamic processes requires constraints beyond free energy
Lostaglio, M., Jennings, D., & Rudolph, T. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms7383 · Cited by 727
High-precision test of Landauer’s principle in a feedback trap
Jun, Y., Gavrilov, M., & Bechhoefer, J. (2014) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.190601 · Cited by 428
Metadata
- Authors
- Jarzynski, C.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2011-03-01
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 329-351
- ISSN
- 1947-5454 (ISSN-L)
- 1947-5462
- OpenAlex
- W2128706048
- Cited by
- 1,012
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 3.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Equalities and Inequalities: Irreversibility and the Second Law of Thermodynamics at the Nanoscale. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-062910-140506
- The paper
- Jarzynski, C. (2011). Equalities and Inequalities: Irreversibility and the Second Law of Thermodynamics at the Nanoscale. Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-062910-140506
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
