The DOI matches its Crossref record; 134 of the 134 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Land-Management Options for Greenhouse Gas Removal and Their Impacts on Ecosystem Services and the Sustainable Development Goals
Open accessAbstract
Land-management options for greenhouse gas removal (GGR) include afforestation or reforestation (AR), wetland restoration, soil carbon sequestration (SCS), biochar, terrestrial enhanced weathering (TEW), and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). We assess the opportunities and risks associated with these options through the lens of their potential impacts on ecosystem services (Nature's Contributions to People; NCPs) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We find that all land-based GGR options contribute positively to at least some NCPs and SDGs. Wetland restoration and SCS almost exclusively deliver positive impacts. A few GGR options, such as afforestation, BECCS, and biochar potentially impact negatively some NCPs and SDGs, particularly when implemented at scale, largely through competition for land. For those that present risks or are least understood, more research is required, and demonstration projects need to proceed with caution. For options that present low risks and provide cobenefits, implementation can proceed more rapidly following no-regrets principles.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.
Citations
Cites
Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis
Assessment, M. E. (2005) · Island Press · doi:10.5281/zenodo.18167309 · Cited by 10,665
A large and persistent carbon sink in the world’s forests
Pan, Y., Birdsey, R. A., Fang, J., Houghton, R., Kauppi, P. E., Kurz, W. A., Phillips, O. L., Shvidenko, A., Lewis, S. L., Canadell, J. G., et al. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1201609 · Cited by 8,458
Changes in the global value of ecosystem services
Costanza, R., de Groot, R., Sutton, P., van der Ploeg, S., Anderson, S. J., Kubiszewski, I., Farber, S., & Turner, R. K. (2014) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.002 · Cited by 6,322
Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: A review
Ahmad, M., Rajapaksha, A. U., Lim, J. E., Zhang, M., Bolan, N., Mohan, D., Vithanage, M., Lee, S. S., & Ok, Y. S. (2014) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.071 · Cited by 4,662
Anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH
Caldeira, K., & Wickett, M. E. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/425365a · Cited by 3,549
Griscom, B. W., Adams, J., Ellis, P. W., Houghton, R. A., Lomax, G., Miteva, D. A., Schlesinger, W. H., Shoch, D., Siikamäki, J. V., Smith, P., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1710465114 · Cited by 3,481
Self-citationAssessing nature's contributions to people
Díaz, S., Pascual, U., Stenseke, M., Martín-López, B., Watson, R. T., Molnár, Z., Hill, R., Chan, K. M. A., Baste, I. A., Brauman, K. A., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aap8826 · Cited by 2,885
Environmental and economic costs of soil erosion and conservation benefits
Pimentel, D., Harvey, C., Resosudarmo, P., Sinclair, K., Kurz, D., McNair, M., Crist, S., Shpritz, L., Fitton, L., Saffouri, R., et al. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.267.5201.1117 · Cited by 2,861
Jenny, H. (1941) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/00010694-194111000-00009 · Cited by 2,658
WETLAND RESOURCES: Status, Trends, Ecosystem Services, and Restorability
Zedler, J. B., & Kercher, S. M. (2005) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.30.050504.144248 · Cited by 2,389
Research works printed but not linked: 16
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2018, Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C
- Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), 2018, The Assessment Report on Land Degradation and Restoration. Summary for Policy Makers
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2015, Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) 2015. How are the World's Forests Changing?
- International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), 2017, Bonn Challenge Barometer of Progress: Spotlight Report 2017
- Hey DL, 2002, Flood Damage Reduction in the Upper Mississippi River Basin: An Ecological Means
- Gewin V., 2018, Scientific American
- Defra, 2009, Ecosystem services of peat - Phase 1. Project code: SP0572
- European Commission, 2006, Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection, COM 231 Final
- Soil Science Society of America (SSSA), 2015, Soils and products we use. Soils Overview, October 2015
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2018, Soil Health Nuggets
- Pachepsky YA, 2008, Int. Agrophys., 22, 61
- IFASTAT, 2018, Supply Reports for Potash, and Phosphorus
- Clarke LE, 2014, Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 413
- Ciais P, 2013, Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 465
- International Energy Agency (IEA), 2018, World Energy Balances
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2016, Increasing the resilience of agricultural livelihoods
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–380 of 380
A Novel Preparation and Application of Orange Peel Aerogel for Removal of Oil Contaminants in Soils
Michael-Igolima, U., Abbey, S. J., Ifelebuegu, A. O., Jumbo, R. B., & Sam, K. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18052388 · Cited by 1
Nature-based solutions for climate and health: mapping synergies and trade-offs
Mahmoud, N., Kamar, M., Arredondo, A. M. P., Mtweve, P. J., & Biber‐Freudenberger, L. (2026) · One Ecosystem · doi:10.3897/oneeco.11.e164014 · Cited by 1
Fischer, S., Bartkowski, B., Korte, K., & Gawel, E. (2026) · Current Research in Environmental Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.crsust.2026.100345 · Cited by 1
Zhai, D., Jiang, Y., Wang, Z., Huang, Z., Peng, N., He, Q., & Fan, W. (2026) · Frontiers in Remote Sensing · doi:10.3389/frsen.2026.1815646 · Cited by 1
Campbell, J. S., Foteinis, S., Pereira, R. L., Katish, M., & Renforth, P. (2026) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2026.117079 · Cited by 1
Self-citationdos Santos, R. A. F., Damian, J. M., Almagro, M., Santos, R. S., Frazão, L. A., Oliveira, D. M. D. S., Cherubin, M. R., & Cerri, C. E. P. (2026) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2026.1805905 · Cited by 1
Long-term carbon transfers due to land use changes in the Chinese Loess Plateau
Chen, H., Wang, X., Lu, H., Campforts, B., & van Balen, R. T. (2026) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117969 · Cited by 1
Schaefer, D. A., Gui, H., & Xu, J. (2024) · Circular Agricultural Systems · doi:10.48130/cas-0024-0007 · Cited by 2
Du, H., Tang, M., Hu, F., & Liu, Y. (2024) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-024-04961-3 · Cited by 1
López, G. S., Ruiz-Gómez, M. G., & Gómez‐Díaz, J. A. (2023) · Botanical Sciences · doi:10.17129/botsci.3093 · Cited by 1
Temperature sensitivity of the interspecific interaction strength of coastal marine fish communitiesPreprint
Ushio, M., Sado, T., Fukuchi, T., Sasano, S., Masuda, R., Osada, Y., & Miya, M. U. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.06.02.494625 · Cited by 1
Barioni, L. G., Barioni, L. G. G., Valladão, B. A., Mourão, V. H. M., Karatay, Y. N., Damian, J. M., Moreno, L., & Silva, R. D. O. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4812266 · Cited by 1
Gadgil, A. J., & Tomich, T. P. (2019) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev-eg-44-091919-100001
Kim, W., Song, C., Lee, S. K., Choi, G., Yang, R., Bak, I., & Lee, W.-K. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4010436
Vera, I. (2022) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · doi:10.33540/1423
OLIVEIRA, I. F. D., & SANTOS, L. (2022) · Anais ... Encontro Nacional de Engenharia de Produção/Anais do Encontro Nacional de Engenharia de Produção · doi:10.14488/enegep2022_tn_wpg_390_1938_43205
Temperature sensitivity of the interspecific interaction strength of coastal marine fish communitiesPreprint
Ushio, M., Sado, T., Fukuchi, T., Sasano, S., Masuda, R., Osada, Y., & Miya, M. U. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.85795.1
Alterra - Soil, W. A. L. U., Keesstra, S. D., PE&RC, Management, S. P. A. L., management, A. S. S., WIMEK, PPO AGV Team Bedrijfssystemenonderzoek/Bodemkwaliteit, Information, I. W. S., Munkholm, L. J., Cornu, S., et al. (2021) · doi:10.18174/630375
Self-citationUshio, M., Sado, T., Fukuchi, T., Sasano, S., Masuda, R., Osada, Y., & Miya, M. U. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.85795.2.sa0
Temperature sensitivity of the interspecific interaction strength of coastal marine fish communitiesPreprint
Ushio, M., Sado, T., Fukuchi, T., Sasano, S., Masuda, R., Osada, Y., & Miya, M. U. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.85795.2
The “Non-political” Solution to the Climate Problem
Naustdalslid, J. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-34471-8_6
Moore, D., Heilweck, M., & Petros, P. (2023) · Vide Leaf, Hyderabad eBooks · doi:10.37247/pasr.1.23.8
Carbon Dioxide Removal in SDGs and Nationally Determined Contributions
Chlela, S., & Selosse, S. (2023) · Implementing the UN sustainable development goals - regional perspectives · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17461-2_100
Alaerts, K., & Stevens, M. (2023) · Open Natuur Archief (Open Nature Archive) · doi:10.21436/inbor.94071157 · Cited by 1
Increasing global land surface soil organic carbon under climate changePreprint
Liu, Y., Chen, X., Zhang, J., Yuan, X., Guan, T., Jin, J., & Wang, G. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3731144/v1
Report on a sustainable development goals framework for ocean-based NET evaluation
Keller, D. P., & Rickels, W. (2023) · doi:10.3289/oceannets_d7.9
Promoting Health Through Nature-Based Climate Solutions
Frumkin, H., Shane, B., & Schottland, T. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197683293.003.0017
Kapitel 5. Mitigation des Klimawandels
Kraxner, F., Zollitsch, W. J., Kottusch, C., Bruckman, V. J., Glatzel, S., Hood-Nowotny, R. C., Jandl, R., Lindenthal, T., Schmid, C., Theurl, M. C., et al. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-67864-0_7 · Cited by 3
Self-citationKapitel 8. Landnutzung und Klimawandel im Kontext der Nachhaltigen Entwicklungsziele
Gratzer, G., Shinozaki, K., Damyanovic, D., Hinterberger, F., Koch, A., Obrovsky, M., Penker, M., Schinko, T., Sturmbauer, C., Weber, K., et al. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-67864-0_10
Climate Science, Solutions and Services for Net Zero, Climate-Resilient Food Systems
Falloon, P., Jones, A. W., van Berkum, S., Kepinski, S., & Rivington, M. (2024) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-8325-4888-2
How to Control Carbon Dioxide Gas in the Earth's Atmosphere to Reduce Global Warming
Tayeb, H., & Farahi, M. H. (2024) · Nangarhar University international journal of biosciences. · doi:10.70436/nuijb.v3i02.297
Interactive Effects of Biochar and Pesticides on Native Soil Organic Matter Mineralisation
Moni, C., Farkas, É., Coutris, C., Silvennoinen, H., Bjørnsgaard, A., Almvik, M., Wang, L., Lang, K., Xingang, L., & Stenrød, M. (2025) · European Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1111/ejss.70137
Kumar, N. V., Sawargaonkar, G., Rani, C. S., Prakash, T. R., Triveni, S., Sarada, C., S, A., Raising, P., & Prabhakar, M. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7307700/v1
Datta, R. K. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-9140-1_6
Evolution and Drivers of Wetland Types in China's Coastal Wetlands (1990-2020)
Zhao, J., Gu, J., & Wang, Y. (2025) · International Conference on Geoinformatics · doi:10.1109/geoinformatics67279.2025.11173525
Degradation of Used Engine Oil by Bacteria Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Neem Plant
Shamsudeen, S. M., Mudassiru, S., Aisha, A. H., Lawal, N., & Balumi, Z. M. (2025) · UMYU Scientifica · doi:10.56919/usci.2542.047
(2025) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2025-1519.ot001
(2025) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2025-1519.ix002
Bioenergy Crops: Cultivation Practices and Yield Optimization
Basit, A., Hassan, F. U., Abiye, W., Kainat, M., Khan, K. A., Bashir, M. A., Ahmad, I., Islam, M. S., Toriman, M. E., & Rehim, A. (2025) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2025-1519.ch003
Bioenergy in the Urban Environment: Waste Management Solution
Bhattacharya, S. (2025) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2025-1519.ch012
Introduction to Bioenergy and Its Environmental Benefits
Rajpoot, S., & Shah, M. P. (2025) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2025-1519.ch001
Challenges and Opportunities of Bioenergy Worldwide: Policy Support and Institutional Frameworks
Duarah, P., & Purkait, M. K. (2025) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2025-1519.ch013
(2025) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2025-1519.fw001
Bioenergy: Sustainable Solutions for a Greener Planet
Shah1, M., Chowdhury2, M., & Jha3, A. (2025) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2025-1519 · Cited by 1
Agricultural and Environmental Effects of Bioenergy Expansion
Aranha, I. (2025) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2025-1519.ch010
Sustainable Bioenergy and Water Management: Innovations and Challenges for a Resilient Future
Gavit, D., & Satpute, S. T. (2025) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2025-1519.ch008
Shah, M. P., Chowdhury, M., & Jha, A. (2025) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2025-1519.pr001
Bioenergy and Food Security: Addressing Challenges and Opportunities
Mandal, S., Maravi, S. S., Choudhury, G., & Aruna, T. N. (2025) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2025-1519.ch011 · Cited by 1
Bioenergy and Carbon Sequestration: Mitigating Climate Change
Maratha, S., & Kumar, R. (2025) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2025-1519.ch009
Cheng, S. H., Costedoat, S., Sterling, E. J., Chamberlain, C. J., Jagadish, A., Lichtenthal, P., Nowakowski, A. J., Taylor, A., Tinsman, J. C., Canty, S. W. J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19619255
Bekchanova, M., Campion, L., Bruns, S. B., Kuppens, T. E., Jozefczak, M., Cuypers, A., & Malina, R. M. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14355367
Bekchanova, M., Campion, L., Bruns, S. B., Kuppens, T. E., Jozefczak, M., Cuypers, A., & Malina, R. M. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14355364
Cheng, S. H., Costedoat, S., Sterling, E. J., Chamberlain, C., Jagadish, A., Lichtenthal, P., Nowakowski, A. J., Taylor, A., Tinsman, J. C., Canty, S. W. J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19619246
Beare, M., Tregurtha, C. S., Richards, K. K., & Lawrence‐Smith, E. J. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6221699
Muluneh, M. G., Zhang, Y., Hopke, P. K., Wang, L., & Traware, O. (2026) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-026-07443-w
GIS-Based Review of Gas Flaring Sites Impacts on Air Quality and Sustainability in Kirkuk City, Iraq
Noori, D. S., & Abdulmajeed, N. S. (2026) · Springer proceedings in earth and environmental sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-18970-7_43
Innovative Methods and Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture
Sahid, S., Roy, C., Mukherjee, S., Nath, A., & Sarkar, J. (2026) · Water science and technology library · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-10879-1_19
Large-Scale Carbon Removal Will Create Public Health, Economic, and Climate Trade-Offs
Javadi, P., O’Rourke, P. E., Fuhrman, J., Loughlin, D. H., Doney, S. C., Shobe, W., Ferreira, J., & Clarens, A. F. (2026) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c17950
Beare, M., Tregurtha, C. S., Richards, K., & Lawrence‐Smith, E. J. (2026) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2026.110598
The role of ecosystem conservation and restoration in achieving the SDGs
Huan, Y., Zhou, G., Hughes, A. C., Li, X., Hou, P., Lambertini, M., Liang, T., Zhao, W., Sarkar, B., Strapasson, A., et al. (2026) · 中国科学通报:英文版 · doi:10.1016/j.scib.2026.07.034
Selvaraj, S., Bargiel, D., Htitiou, A., Goihl, S., Marzahn, P., & Gerighausen, H. (2026) · Remote Sensing Applications Society and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.rsase.2026.102107
Yang, S., Ma, H., Li, S., Zhan, X., Liu, S., & Zhang, N. (2026) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy16141330
Cattle Manure Biochar: A Paradigm Shift in Sustainable Agriculture
Kapoor, S., Sharma, R., Bishist, R., Sharma, H., Sharma, P., & Gautam, K. L. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-19855-6_17
Is soil carbon sequestration overestimated in carbon footprint accounting?
Giuliani, L. M., Vetter, S. H., & Smith, P. (2026) · Carbon Footprints · doi:10.20517/cf.2026.54
Self-citationChehade, L. A., Pizzileo, G., Atzori, A. S., Chiriacò, M. V., & Debolini, M. (2026) · Cleaner Environmental Systems · doi:10.1016/j.cesys.2026.100483
Reconciling the climate–productivity trade-off in cover cropping systems for agrifood transitionsPreprint
Qiu, T., Fang, L., Peng, S., Shi, Y., He, Q., Lamichhane, J. R., Smith, P., Jian, J., Cui, Q., Zhao, S., et al. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7244081
Self-citationDuarte, E., Zoupanidou, E., Barria, P., Garrido-Ruiz, C., Hernandez, A., Orellana, J. I., Glasner, B., & Bustos, V. (2026) · Agroforestry Systems · doi:10.1007/s10457-026-01577-6
Empirical insights into residual emissions in urban net-zero targets
Ulpiani, G., Mendez, Q. R., Todeschi, V., Hernández-Moral, G., Vetters, N., Pittalis, M., Fuss, S., Deynoot, C. G., & Creutzig, F. (2026) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/s41558-026-02691-0
Self-citationAsfaw, T., & Gutema, P. (2026) · Sustainable Development · doi:10.1002/sd.71576
Expert opinions on soil carbon dioxide removal
Gifford, L., Nawaz, S., & Morgan, M. (2026) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-026-04262-w
MRV financing under EU carbon farming governance: a review
Poláková, J., Thorsøe, M. H., Svoboda, A., Coderoni, S., Bamière, L., Louhichi, K., Elofsson, K., Sckokai, P., Hasler, B., & Ruysschaert, G. (2026) · Frontiers in Climate · doi:10.3389/fclim.2026.1835304
Mapping conflicts in carbon removal narratives
Prütz, R., Mendez, Q. R., Brecha, R. J., Brutschin, E., Fuss, S., Gidden, M., Lamb, W. F., Vaughan, N. E., & Ganti, G. (2026) · Nature Reviews Clean Technology · doi:10.1038/s44359-026-00218-6
Self-citationAhmad, M., Ahmad, J., Al-Wabel, M. I., Usama, M., & Al-Farraj, A. S. F. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-92-2230-8_3
A bright future for silicon in the Earth and life sciences
Katz, O., de Tombeur, F., Cooke, J., Nakamura, R., & Schoelynck, J. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197766552.003.0013
Al‐Dossary, O., Qadri, T. A., Khan, R. M., Waheed, A., Alsubaie, B., Shehata, W. F., Al-Khayri, J. M., & Khan, A. (2026) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d6ra05512e
Enhanced weathering for CO2 removal from a global perspective
Ruan, L., Li, J., Song, Z., Liu, C., Yu, C., Han, G., Li, Z., Sun, X., Peng, B., Teng, H. H., et al. (2026) · Carbon Research · doi:10.1007/s44246-026-00282-4
Metadata
- Authors
- Smith, P., Adams, J., Beerling, D. J., Beringer, T., Calvin, K. V., Fuss, S., Griscom, B., Hagemann, N., Kammann, C., Kraxner, F., Minx, J. C., Popp, A., Renforth, P., Vicente Vicente, J. L., & Keesstra, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- World Economic Forum (CH)
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation (GB)
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
- Joint Global Change Research Institute (US)
- The Nature Conservancy (US)
- Ithaka Institute for Carbon Strategies (CH)
- Hochschule Geisenheim University (DE)
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (AT)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (DE)
- Heriot-Watt University (GB)
- Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change, 10829 Berlin, Germany
- University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Annual Review of Environment and Resources
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2019-10-17
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 255-286
- ISSN
- 1543-5938 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2050
- OpenAlex
- W2949662106
- Semantic Scholar
- 15e80f1310157addbd7b0c8ec53550a821444115
- Cited by
- 380
- References
- 134
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 3.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.wur.nl
- Locations
- Annual Review of Environment and Resources (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- Publication Database PIK (Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)) (submittedVersion)
- NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/L024756/1)
- Natural Environment Research Council (NE/M021327/1, NE/P019455/1, NE/P019730/2, NE/P019943/2)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Forest Management and Policy
- Keywords
- greenhouse gas removal, land management, afforestation and reforestation, wetland restoration, soil carbon sequestration, biochar, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, ecosystem services, nature's contributions to people, Sustainable Development Goals, land use competition
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-10 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review