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Land-Management Options for Greenhouse Gas Removal and Their Impacts on Ecosystem Services and the Sustainable Development Goals
Open accessAbstract
Land-management options for greenhouse gas removal (GGR) include afforestation or reforestation (AR), wetland restoration, soil carbon sequestration (SCS), biochar, terrestrial enhanced weathering (TEW), and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). We assess the opportunities and risks associated with these options through the lens of their potential impacts on ecosystem services (Nature's Contributions to People; NCPs) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We find that all land-based GGR options contribute positively to at least some NCPs and SDGs. Wetland restoration and SCS almost exclusively deliver positive impacts. A few GGR options, such as afforestation, BECCS, and biochar potentially impact negatively some NCPs and SDGs, particularly when implemented at scale, largely through competition for land. For those that present risks or are least understood, more research is required, and demonstration projects need to proceed with caution. For options that present low risks and provide cobenefits, implementation can proceed more rapidly following no-regrets principles.
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Smith, P., Adams, J., Beerling, D. J., Beringer, T., Calvin, K. V., Fuss, S., Griscom, B., Hagemann, N., Kammann, C., Kraxner, F., Minx, J. C., Popp, A., Renforth, P., Vicente Vicente, J. L., & Keesstra, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- World Economic Forum (CH)
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation (GB)
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
- Joint Global Change Research Institute (US)
- The Nature Conservancy (US)
- Ithaka Institute for Carbon Strategies (CH)
- Hochschule Geisenheim University (DE)
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (AT)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (DE)
- Heriot-Watt University (GB)
- Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change, 10829 Berlin, Germany
- University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Annual Review of Environment and Resources
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2019-10-17
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 255-286
- ISSN
- 1543-5938 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2050
- OpenAlex
- W2949662106
- Semantic Scholar
- 15e80f1310157addbd7b0c8ec53550a821444115
- Cited by
- 380
- References
- 134
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 3.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.wur.nl
- Locations
- Annual Review of Environment and Resources (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- Publication Database PIK (Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)) (submittedVersion)
- NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/L024756/1)
- Natural Environment Research Council (NE/M021327/1, NE/P019455/1, NE/P019730/2, NE/P019943/2)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Forest Management and Policy
- Keywords
- greenhouse gas removal, land management, afforestation and reforestation, wetland restoration, soil carbon sequestration, biochar, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, ecosystem services, nature's contributions to people, Sustainable Development Goals, land use competition
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