Regressive Evolution in Astyanax Cavefish
Open accessAbstract
A diverse group of animals, including members of most major phyla, have adapted to life in the perpetual darkness of caves. These animals are united by the convergence of two regressive phenotypes, loss of eyes and pigmentation. The mechanisms of regressive evolution are poorly understood. The teleost Astyanax mexicanus is of special significance in studies of regressive evolution in cave animals. This species includes an ancestral surface dwelling form and many con-specific cave-dwelling forms, some of which have evolved their recessive phenotypes independently. Recent advances in Astyanax development and genetics have provided new information about how eyes and pigment are lost during cavefish evolution; namely, they have revealed some of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in trait modification, the number and identity of the underlying genes and mutations, the molecular basis of parallel evolution, and the evolutionary forces driving adaptation to the cave environment.
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Excess Shh causes expression of vax1 and pax2a, which interfere with pax6 expression and the downstream pax6 ocular patterning subcircuit.
“excess Shh causes expression of transcription repressors (vax1 and pax2a) which interfere with pax6 expression and thus the downstream pax6 ocular patterning subcircuit (Jeffery, 2009; Yamamoto et al., 2004) (Baumer et al., 2002).”
From Evolution of Gene Regulatory Networks Controlling Body Plan Development (2011) · cites this paper as Jeffery, 2009
In “Candidate Gene Analysis” (page unavailable), the review reports that increased Shh downregulates pax6 and that cavefish embryos show both reduced pax6 and overexpressed pax2a and vax1. It describes antagonism among these transcription factors, but does not establish that excess Shh causes pax2a and vax1 expression or describe a downstream pax6 ocular-patterning subcircuit. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEctopic spatial expression of shh from the medial interocular region across the ocular fields in cave fish is a cause of eye degeneration.
“A cause is ectopic spatial expression of shh from the normal medial interocular region across the top of the ocular fields in cave fish.”
From Evolution of Gene Regulatory Networks Controlling Body Plan Development (2011) · cites this paper as Jeffery, 2009
Excess Shh indirectly promotes apoptosis in lens and retina.
“Also, excess Shh indirectly promotes apoptosis in lens and retina.”
From Evolution of Gene Regulatory Networks Controlling Body Plan Development (2011) · cites this paper as Jeffery, 2009
In cavefish eye development, apoptotic degeneration of lens and retina occurs.
“But then many things go wrong in eye development including apoptotic degeneration of lens and retina.”
From Evolution of Gene Regulatory Networks Controlling Body Plan Development (2011) · cites this paper as Jeffery, 2009
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The Biological Mechanisms and Behavioral Functions of Opsin-Based Light Detection by the Skin
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- Authors
- Jeffery, W. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jeffery, William R.
- ORCID
- Jeffery, William R.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Genetics
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2009-12-01
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 25-47
- ISSN
- 0066-4197 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2948
- PMC
- PMC3594788
- OpenAlex
- W2121610939
- Cited by
- 298
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 1.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Fordham University
- National Institutes of Health
- U.S. Public Health Service (EYO14619)
- National Eye Institute (R01EY014619)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Subterranean biodiversity and taxonomy
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- regressive evolution, Astyanax mexicanus, cavefish, eye loss, pigmentation loss, cave adaptation, parallel evolution, developmental genetics
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Darkness, Biological Evolution, Eye, Fishes, Skin Pigmentation
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