The DOI matches its Crossref record; 174 of the 176 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Regulation Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways of Autophagy
Open accessAbstract
Autophagy is a process of self-degradation of cellular components in which double-membrane autophagosomes sequester organelles or portions of cytosol and fuse with lysosomes or vacuoles for breakdown by resident hydrolases. Autophagy is upregulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation, ER stress, and pathogen infection. Defective autophagy plays a significant role in human pathologies, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and infectious diseases. We present our current knowledge on the key genes composing the autophagy machinery in eukaryotes from yeast to mammalian cells and the signaling pathways that sense the status of different types of stress and induce autophagy for cell survival and homeostasis. We also review the recent advances on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the autophagy machinery at various levels, from transcriptional activation to post-translational protein modification.
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“Three different forms of autophagy have been described in mammalian cells: macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (Fig. 3) (Cuervo, 2009; He and Klionsky, 2009; Mizushima et al., 2008).”
From Protein Homeostasis and Aging: the importance of exquisite quality control (2011) · cites this paper as He and Klionsky, 2009
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2 retracted
Mitochondrial Autophagy Is an HIF-1-dependent Adaptive Metabolic Response to Hypoxia
Zhang, H., Bosch-Marce, M., Shimoda, L. A., Tan, Y. S., Baek, J. H., Wesley, J. B., Gonzalez, F. J., & Semenza, G. L. (2008) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m800102200 · Cited by 1,601
RetractedHuang, Q. B., Wu, Y., Tan, H.-L., Ong, C.-N., & Shen, H.-M. (2008) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/cdd.2008.151 · Cited by 116
RetractedLC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p, is localized in autophagosome membranes after processing.
Kabeya, Y., Mizushima, N., Ueno, T., Yamamoto, A., Kirisako, T., Noda, T., Kominami, E., Ohsumi, Y., & Yoshimori, T. (2000) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/19.21.5720 · Cited by 6,605
Pankiv, S., Clausen, T. H., Lamark, T., Brech, A., Bruun, J.-A., Outzen, H., Øvervatn, A., Bjørkøy, G., & Johansen, T. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m702824200 · Cited by 4,578
Parkin is recruited selectively to impaired mitochondria and promotes their autophagy
Narendra, D., Tanaka, A., Suen, D.-F., & Youle, R. J. (2008) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200809125 · Cited by 4,026
TSC2 Mediates Cellular Energy Response to Control Cell Growth and Survival
Inoki, K., Zhu, T., & Guan, K.-L. (2003) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00929-2 · Cited by 3,914
Autophagy as a Regulated Pathway of Cellular Degradation
Klionsky, D. J., & Emr, S. D. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717 · Cited by 3,630
Self-citationInduction of autophagy and inhibition of tumorigenesis by beclin 1
Liang, X. H., Jackson, S., Seaman, M., Brown, K., Kempkes, B., Hibshoosh, H., & Levine, B. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/45257 · Cited by 3,347
Bjørkøy, G., Lamark, T., Brech, A., Outzen, H., Perander, M., Øvervatn, A., Stenmark, H., & Johansen, T. (2005) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200507002 · Cited by 3,276
Fission and selective fusion govern mitochondrial segregation and elimination by autophagy
Twig, G., Elorza, A., Molina, A. J. A., Mohamed, H., Wikstrom, J. D., Walzer, G., Stiles, L., Haigh, S. E., Katz, S., Las, G., et al. (2008) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601963 · Cited by 3,082
Cited by
Sorted by citations
AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1
Kim, J., Kundu, M., Viollet, B., & Guan, K.-L. (2011) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb2152 · Cited by 7,227
Autophagy: Renovation of Cells and Tissues
Mizushima, N., & Komatsu, M. (2011) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.10.026 · Cited by 6,615
Reactive Oxygen Species in Inflammation and Tissue Injury
Mittal, M., Siddiqui, M. R., Tran, K., Reddy, S. P., & Malik, A. B. (2014) · Antioxidants & Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2012.5149 · Cited by 4,897
Methods in Mammalian Autophagy Research
Mizushima, N., Yoshimori, T., & Levine, B. (2010) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.028 · Cited by 4,497
mTOR: from growth signal integration to cancer, diabetes and ageing
Zoncu, R., Efeyan, A., & Sabatini, D. M. (2011) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm3025 · Cited by 3,941
Metadata
- Authors
- He, C., & Klionsky, D. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Genetics
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2009-12-01
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 67-93
- ISSN
- 0066-4197 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2948
- PMC
- PMC2831538
- OpenAlex
- W2096308078
- Cited by
- 3,609
- References
- 176
- Citations by year
- 2026: 89 · 2025: 117 · 2024: 184 · 2023: 188 · 2022: 198 · 2021: 258 · 2020: 270 · 2019: 253 · 2018: 276 · 2017: 291 · 2016: 249 · 2015: 246 · 2014: 251 · 2013: 199 · 2012: 229
- FWCI
- 21.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annual Review of Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM 53396, R01GM053396)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Calcium signaling and nucleotide metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Keywords
- autophagy, autophagy regulation, signaling pathways, autophagy machinery, stress response, starvation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, growth factor deprivation, pathogen infection, lysosomal degradation, transcriptional activation, post-translational modification, cancer, neurodegeneration, infectious diseases
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autophagy, Eukaryotic Cells, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Lysosomes, Phagosomes, Signal Transduction
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