mTOR: from growth signal integration to cancer, diabetes and ageing
Open accessAbstract
In all eukaryotes, the target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling pathway couples energy and nutrient abundance to the execution of cell growth and division, owing to the ability of TOR protein kinase to simultaneously sense energy, nutrients and stress and, in metazoans, growth factors. Mammalian TOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 exert their actions by regulating other important kinases, such as S6 kinase (S6K) and Akt. In the past few years, a significant advance in our understanding of the regulation and functions of mTOR has revealed the crucial involvement of this signalling pathway in the onset and progression of diabetes, cancer and ageing.
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Rapamycin can prolong the life cycle of many species as diverse as worms and mice, and its signaling system has been implicated as the master regulator of cellular growth and metabolism.
“Rapamycin can also prolong the life cycle of many species as diverse as worms and mice, and its signaling system has been implicated as the master regulator of cellular growth and metabolism.”
From Metformin, the Aspirin of the 21st Century: Its Role in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Prevention of Preeclampsia and Cancer, and the Promotion of Longevity (2017) · cites this paper as [230]
A family of molecules that are the mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) complex has been attributed a major role in the biology of cell metabolism, growth, longevity, and even preterm birth.
“A family of molecules that are the mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) complex has been attributed a major role in the biology of cell metabolism, growth, longevity, and even preterm birth(230–236).”
From Metformin, the Aspirin of the 21st Century: Its Role in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Prevention of Preeclampsia and Cancer, and the Promotion of Longevity (2017) · cites this paper as [230]
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is essential to cancer metabolic reprogramming because it regulates both nutrient uptake and allocation of carbon and nitrogen into biosynthetic pathways.
“The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is essential to this process because it regulates both nutrient uptake and the allocation of carbon and nitrogen into biosynthetic pathways (Zoncu et al., 2011).”
From Cellular Metabolism and Disease: What Do Metabolic Outliers Teach Us? (2012) · cites this paper as Zoncu et al., 2011
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- Authors
- Zoncu, R., Efeyan, A., & Sabatini, D. M.
- Affiliations
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Efeyan, Alejo
- Sabatini, David M.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
- Published
- 2010-12-15
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 21-35
- ISSN
- 1471-0072 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0080
- PMC
- PMC3390257
- OpenAlex
- W2153607816
- Cited by
- 3,941
- References
- 210
- Citations by year
- 2026: 62 · 2025: 92 · 2024: 163 · 2023: 149 · 2022: 179 · 2021: 247 · 2020: 243 · 2019: 216 · 2018: 264 · 2017: 323 · 2016: 322 · 2015: 357 · 2014: 342 · 2013: 400 · 2012: 390
- FWCI
- 27.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PMC
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA103866, R01CA129105)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R37AI047389, R01AI047389)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Keywords
- mTOR, mTORC1, mTORC2, S6 kinase, Akt, cell growth regulation, nutrient sensing, energy sensing, growth factor signaling, cancer, diabetes mellitus, aging
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Neoplasms, Signal Transduction, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
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