The DOI matches its Crossref record; 77 of the 77 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Populism and Democratic Theory
Open accessAbstract
Commentators routinely describe “populism” as vague. Some argue that the early US populists, who coined the modern usage, were not populists. We disagree and identify this common conceptual core: the “people” in a moral battle against “elites.” The core definition fits all cases of populism: those on the left and right, those in the United States, Europe, and elsewhere. In addition to this minimal common core, we identify strongly suggested and frequently correlated non-core characteristics. These include the people's homogeneity and exclusivity, direct rule, and nationalism, as well as a single leader, vilification of vulnerable out-groups, and impatience with deliberation. The US Populist Party and Spain's Podemos Party fit the core definition but have few of the other characteristics. The core can be good for democracy, we argue, while the associated characteristics are often dangerous. Populism in opposition can be good for democracy, while populism in power carries great risks.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“It follows that different ideological underpinnings of populistsstemming from non-core features according to Mansbridge and Macedo (2019)-will most likely coin differential populist”
From Public Administration Under Populist Rule: Standing Up Against Democratic Backsliding (2024) · cites this paper as Mansbridge & Macedo, 2019
In the citing paper
“It is argued that populist governments -in particular under what is called the charismatic, one person leadership -can become dangerous for democracy when the connection between leader and people remains unmediated for a longer time, thus bypassing and surpassing mediating institutions to which one can also count, implicitly at least, the bureaucracy (Mansbridge & Macedo, 2019;Urbinati, 2019).”
From Public Administration Under Populist Rule: Standing Up Against Democratic Backsliding (2024) · cites this paper as Mansbridge & Macedo, 2019
Citations
Cites
Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy.
Robinson, J., & Schumpeter, J. A. (1943) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2226398 · Cited by 6,650
Mudde, C. (2004) · Government and Opposition · doi:10.1111/j.1477-7053.2004.00135.x · Cited by 5,286
Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe
Mudde, C. (2007) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511492037 · Cited by 4,694
Hall, R., Wittgenstein, L., & Anscombe, G. E. M. (1967) · The Philosophical Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2217461 · Cited by 4,043
Elder, J. W., Geertz, C., & Rosenhack, K. P. S. (1964) · Cited by 3,878
Populism: A Very Short Introduction
Mudde, C., & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (2017) · doi:10.1093/actrade/9780190234874.001.0001 · Cited by 3,659
Multiculturalism and the politics of recognition
Landesman, B. M. (1992) · Cited by 2,902
Testing Theories of American Politics: Elites, Interest Groups, and Average Citizens
Gilens, M., & Page, B. I. (2014) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s1537592714001595 · Cited by 2,700
Experiments in Intergroup Discrimination
Tajfel, H. (1970) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1170-96 · Cited by 2,577
Getting to YES. Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In
Marty, A. T. (1983) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-198310000-00024 · Cited by 2,368
Research works printed but not linked: 23
- Albright M., 2018, Fascism: A Warning
- Bennhold K., 2018, New York Times
- Bonikowski B, 2016, APSA Comp. Politics Newsl., 26, 7
- Brown S., 2017, Cincinnati.com
- Canovan M., 1981, Populism
- De Nadal LA., 2018, From “horizontal” to “vertical”: the institutionalization of the Indignados Movement
- Errejón Í, 2016, Podemos: In the Name of the People
- Fraser N., 1995, New Left Rev, 1, 68
- Garvin WL, 1887, History of the National Farmers’ Alliance and Cooperative Union of America
- Iglesias P., 2015, Lamarea
- Laclau E., 2005, On Populist Reason
- Lévi-Strauss C., 1950, Mauss, Sociologie et Anthropologie
- Levitsky S, 2018, How Democracies Die
- Mansbridge J, 2019, Populism and democratic theory: an extended view
- Mouffe C., 2018, For a Left Populism
- Pedler A., 1927, Slavon. Rev., 6, 130
- Piketty T., 2018, Brahmin left versus merchant right: rising inequality and the changing structure of political conflict (evidence from France, Britain and the US, 1948–2017
- Rawls J., 1999, The Law of Peoples
- Rodrik D., 2018, Project Syndicate
- Rousseau J-J., 1997, The Second Contract and Other Later Political Writings
- Walzer M, 1983, Spheres of Justice
- Woodward CV, 1959, Am. Sch., 29, 55
- World Values Survey, 2013, Wave 2010–2014, Germany, variable V228G
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–183 of 183
The Pre-existing Conditions Influencing COVID-19’s Impact
Searight, H. R. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26200-5_2
Reason-Giving across Arenas: Broader Public of Citizens
Maia, R. C. M., Hauber, G., & Choucair, T. D. S. (2023) · The Palgrave Macmillan series in international political communication · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-23466-8_6
Bringing the Public Sphere and the Media Back to the Systemic Approach
Maia, R. C. M., Hauber, G., & Choucair, T. D. S. (2023) · The Palgrave Macmillan series in international political communication · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-23466-8_3
Reason-Giving across Arenas: Elite Actors
Maia, R. C. M., Hauber, G., & Choucair, T. D. S. (2023) · The Palgrave Macmillan series in international political communication · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-23466-8_5
Duke, B. C. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-36686-4_1
Küreselleşmenin Geleceği: Yeni Dünya Düzensizliği
ÖZORAL, B., & CİVLEKOĞLU, İ. (2023) · doi:10.59287/siibyc.728
Padmarajan’s Middle Films and Populism: A Paradox
Aiyappan, A. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-9859-0_366-1
Liu, Z. (2024) · Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media · doi:10.54254/2753-7048/40/20240679
Ciências sociais aplicadas: desafios e perspectivas para a sociedade contemporânea 2
de Vasconcelos, A. W. S. (2024) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.697240204
TRADE COMMERCE NO METAVERSO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Sá, J. D. S., & dos Santos, D. R. (2024) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.6972402046
Nunes, K. R. D. F., & Barreto, S. C. N. (2024) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.6972402041
Bezerra, A. C. F., dos Santos, D. R., & da Nóbrega, J. S. W. (2024) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.6972402045
REFLEXOS DA PANDEMIA NO ORÇAMENTO DA SAÚDE DOS MAIORES MUNICÍPIOS DO ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Ribeiro, R. R. M., Pavão, J. A., Mattiello, K., & Borges, I. M. T. (2024) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.6972402042
A PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA SOBRE UBERIZAÇÃO NO BRASIL
Silva, K. L. D. O. E., Pereira, M. D. S., & de Morais, P. B. N. (2024) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.6972402044
A EFETIVIDADE DA OFERTA DE SERVIÇO DE REFERÊNCIA VIA WHATSAPP EM UMA BIBLIOTECA UNIVERSITÁRIA
Filho, C. A., & Shintaku, M. (2024) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.6972402048
do Nascimento, C. A. D., & Torquette, M. P. (2024) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.6972402049
PLATAFORMAS DIGITAIS E UBERIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: UMA DISTOPIA NO CAPITALISMO CONTEMPORÂNEO
Garcez, R. M., & Neto, J. S. S. (2024) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.6972402043
Laurentino, A. L. C., Coelho, K. S. C., Kanitz, A. F., & Gonçalves, H. S. (2024) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.69724020410
Frantz, E., Kendall-Taylor, A., & Wright, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198888079.002.0006
Frantz, E., Kendall-Taylor, A., & Wright, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198888079.003.0005
Frantz, E., Kendall-Taylor, A., & Wright, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198888079.003.0003
Personalist Politics, Democracy, and the Path Ahead
Frantz, E., Kendall-Taylor, A., & Wright, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198888079.003.0007
Frantz, E., Kendall-Taylor, A., & Wright, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198888079.003.0001
Frantz, E., Kendall-Taylor, A., & Wright, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198888079.003.0004
Frantz, E., Kendall-Taylor, A., & Wright, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198888079.003.0002 · Cited by 1
Frantz, E., Kendall-Taylor, A., & Wright, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198888079.003.0006
Frantz, E., Kendall-Taylor, A., & Wright, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198888079.002.0007
Frantz, E., Kendall-Taylor, A., & Wright, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198888079.002.0003
Magaña, P. (2024) · Political Studies Review · doi:10.1177/14789299241259582
Right-wing Populism in a Global Perspective: The Necessity for an Integrative TheoryPreprint
Hosseini, S. A. H., Saha, L. J., & Adamczyk, E. (2024) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/978xt
Schmidt, V. A. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198924241.003.0007
How Populism Affects Constitutional Law
Καϊδατζής, Α., Kamtsidou, I., & Stratilatis, C. (2024) · European Union and its neighbours in a globalized world · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-71889-2_1
Padmarajan’s Middle Films and Populism: A Paradox
Aiyappan, A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-7802-1_366
The First Wave of Globalization and Electoral Populism in the United States
Han, Z., & Milner, H. V. (2026) · British Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1017/s0007123426101537
Szewczyk, M., & Berliński, R. (2024) · Social Communication · doi:10.57656/sc-2024-0005
Untangling the paradox of the antipolitical politician: populism, antipolitics, and the family
Cansu, U., & Nathan, C. (2025) · Contemporary Political Theory · doi:10.1057/s41296-024-00744-7
Kerr, P. (2025) · Global Discourse · doi:10.1332/20437897y2025d000000067
Populist Bullshit: A Normative Theory of Populist Communication
Marciel, R. (2025) · Res Publica · doi:10.1007/s11158-025-09744-9 · Cited by 1
Saidin, M. I. S. (2025) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783111170015-021
Bellamy, R. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780191826986.003.0009
Bellamy, R. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780191826986.003.0014
Bellamy, R. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780191826986.003.0006
Bellamy, R. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780191826986.003.0015
International Human Rights Conventions
Bellamy, R. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780191826986.003.0007
Bellamy, R. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780191826986.003.0010
Bellamy, R. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780191826986.002.0006
Referendums and the Case of Brexit
Bellamy, R. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780191826986.003.0013
Bellamy, R. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780191826986.002.0005
Checks and Balances as Democracy
Bellamy, R. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780191826986.003.0004
The Rule of Law as the Democratic Rule of Persons
Bellamy, R. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780191826986.003.0003
Populism and the Democratic Challenge
Bellamy, R. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780191826986.003.0012
Zysset, A. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009377935.003
Strange Familiarity: Beyond the Urban-Rural Divide
Long, E. (2026) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1086/741075
Schmidt, V. A. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197902455.003.0005
Schmidt, V. A. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197902455.002.0004
Schmidt, V. A. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197902455.003.0012
Historical Origins and Development
Schmidt, V. A. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197902455.003.0008
Schmidt, V. A. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197902455.003.0003
Agents’ Discursive Interactions in Institutional Context
Schmidt, V. A. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197902455.003.0004
Schmidt, V. A. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197902455.002.0006
The Power of Ideas and Discourse
Schmidt, V. A. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197902455.003.0006
Introduction to Discursive Institutionalism
Schmidt, V. A. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197902455.003.0001
Philosophical Underpinnings in the Philosophy of Social Science
Schmidt, V. A. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197902455.003.0011
Philosophical Underpinnings in the Philosophy of Science
Schmidt, V. A. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197902455.003.0010
Schmidt, V. A. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197902455.003.0009
Schmidt, V. A. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197902455.002.0005
Schmidt, V. A. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197902455.003.0002
The Construction of Meaning and Methods
Schmidt, V. A. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197902455.003.0007
Grappling with Judicial Populism: A Law and Social Inquiry Symposium
Hilbink, L., & Kureshi, Y. (2026) · Law & Social Inquiry · doi:10.1017/lsi.2025.10131
Democratic Civility in Times of Populism and Polarization
Hvid, R. M. (2026) · Philosophy & Social Criticism · doi:10.1177/01914537261449754 · Cited by 1
Foster, C., & Frieden, J. (2026) · European Union Politics · doi:10.1177/14651165261446395
Populism in the EU and the trade-off between ethical claiming and mainstreaming
Font, N., & Ares, C. (2026) · West European Politics · doi:10.1080/01402382.2026.2662870
The New Democratic Landscape and the Contemporary Democratic Crisis
عمرة, ر. أ., & Bagai, M. U. (2026) · Contributions to political science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-07236-8_9
Hsieh, P.-H. (2026) · Constitutional Political Economy · doi:10.1007/s10602-026-09517-3
The multiple fronts of democratic backsliding: evidence from Israel, Hungary, and India
Lavi, L., Shomer, Y., & Talshir, G. (2026) · Contemporary Politics · doi:10.1080/13569775.2026.2675024
Did populist governance change corruption risks during crises across European countries?
Ioannidis, G. (2026) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2026.2686411
Buschman, J. E. (2026) · Canadian Journal of Academic Librarianship · doi:10.33137/cjal-rcbu.v12.46702
Charron, N., & Schwenk, J. (2026) · European Journal of Political Research · doi:10.1017/s1475676526101625
Langer, A. I., de Nadal, L., & Mitchelstein, E. (2026) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/20563051261463361
Stockemer, D., & Bordeleau, J. N. (2026) · Politics Groups and Identities · doi:10.1080/21565503.2026.2732901
Metadata
- Authors
- Mansbridge, J., & Macedo, S.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Princeton University (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Law and Social Science
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2019-10-13
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 59-77
- ISSN
- 1550-3585 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-3631
- OpenAlex
- W2980269812
- Cited by
- 185
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 10.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-sa
- Locations
- Annual Review of Law and Social Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Populism, Right-Wing Movements
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Political Theory and Democracy
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Political Philosophy and Ethics
- Keywords
- populism, democratic theory, definition of populism, Podemos, nationalism, deliberation, political homogeneity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review