The DOI matches its Crossref record; 122 of the 122 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Heavy Ion Collisions: The Big Picture and the Big Questions
Open accessAbstract
Heavy ion collisions quickly form a droplet of quark–gluon plasma (QGP) with a remarkably small viscosity. We give an accessible introduction to how to study this smallest and hottest droplet of liquid made on Earth and why it is so interesting. The physics of heavy ion collisions ranges from highly energetic quarks and gluons described by perturbative QCD to a bath of strongly interacting gluons at lower energy scales. These gluons quickly thermalize and form QGP, while the energetic partons traverse this plasma and end in a shower of particles called jets. Analyzing the final particles in various ways allows us to study the properties of QGP and the complex dynamics of multiscale processes in QCD that govern its formation and evolution, providing what is perhaps the simplest form of complex quantum matter that we know of. Much remains to be understood, and throughout the review big open questions are encountered.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral
Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., et al. (2017) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.119.161101 · Cited by 9,473
Olive, K. A. (2016) · Chinese Physics C · doi:10.1088/1674-1137/40/10/100001 · Cited by 7,334
The Large-N Limit of Superconformal Field Theories and Supergravity
Maldacena, J. (1999) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1023/a:1026654312961 · Cited by 6,704
A brief introduction to PYTHIA 8.1
Sjöstrand, T., Mrenna, S., & Skands, P. (2008) · Computer Physics Communications · doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2008.01.036 · Cited by 5,435
Witten, E. (1984) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.30.272 · Cited by 3,452
Adams, J., Aggarwal, M. M., Ahammed, Z., Amonett, J., Anderson, B. D., Arkhipkin, D., Averichev, G. S., Badyal, S. K., Bai, Y., Balewski, J., et al. (2005) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.085 · Cited by 3,379
Adcox, K., Adler, S. S., Afanasiev, S., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N. N., Akiba, Y., Al-Jamel, A., Alexander, J., Amirikas, R., Aoki, K., et al. (2005) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.086 · Cited by 3,025
Quark–gluon plasma and color glass condensate at RHIC? The perspective from the BRAHMS experiment
Arsene, I., Bearden, I. G., Beavis, D., Besliu, C., Budick, B., Bøggild, H., Chasman, C., Christensen, C. H., Christiansen, P., Cibor, J., et al. (2005) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.02.130 · Cited by 2,250
The PHOBOS perspective on discoveries at RHIC
Back, B. B., Baker, M. D., Ballintijn, M., Barton, D. S., Becker, B., Betts, R. R., Bickley, A. A., Bindel, R., Budzanowski, A., Busza, W., et al. (2005) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.084 · Cited by 2,238
Self-citationComputing quark and gluon distribution functions for very large nuclei
McLerran, L., & Venugopalan, R. (1994) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.49.2233 · Cited by 2,035
Cited by
Small System Collectivity in Relativistic Hadronic and Nuclear Collisions
Nagle, J. L., & Zajc, W. A. (2018) · Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-nucl-101916-123209 · Cited by 283
The Large Hadron–Electron Collider at the HL-LHC
Agostini, P., Aksakal, H., Alekhin, S., Allport, P. P., Andari, N., Andre, K. D. J., Angal-Kalinin, D., Antusch, S., Aperio Bella, L., Apolinario, L., et al. (2021) · Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6471/abf3ba · Cited by 253
Metadata
- Authors
- Busza, W., Rajagopal, K., & van der Schee, W.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2018-10-19
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 339-376
- ISSN
- 0163-8998 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4134
- OpenAlex
- W2786926186
- Cited by
- 828
- References
- 122
- FWCI
- 7.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Heavy Ion Collisions: The Big Picture and the Big Questions. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101917-020852
- The paper
- Busza, W., Rajagopal, K., & van der Schee, W. (2018). Heavy Ion Collisions: The Big Picture and the Big Questions. Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101917-020852
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
