The DOI matches its Crossref record; 224 of the 227 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Energy and Human Health
Open accessAbstract
Energy use is central to human society and provides many health benefits. But each source of energy entails some health risks. This article reviews the health impacts of each major source of energy, focusing on those with major implications for the burden of disease globally. The biggest health impacts accrue to the harvesting and burning of solid fuels, coal and biomass, mainly in the form of occupational health risks and household and general ambient air pollution. Lack of access to clean fuels and electricity in the world's poor households is a particularly serious risk for health. Although energy efficiency brings many benefits, it also entails some health risks, as do renewable energy systems, if not managed carefully. We do not review health impacts of climate change itself, which are due mostly to climate-altering pollutants from energy systems, but do discuss the potential for achieving near-term health cobenefits by reducing certain climate-related emissions.
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“Increasing equitable access to safe, adequately designed, and high-quality urban green spaces can help reduce the negative health impacts of climate change, reducing heat exposure and flood risk while offering physical and mental health co-benefits by improving air quality and offering spaces for exercise, social interaction, and connection with nature (panel 4).195,196,199–202”
From The 2024 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: facing record-breaking threats from delayed action (2024) · cites this paper as [201]
In the citing paper
“The recent IPCC assessment of human health effects (75) highlighted this issue, but no quantitative analysis was included.”
From Heat, Human Performance, and Occupational Health: A Key Issue for the Assessment of Global Climate Change Impacts (2016) · cites this paper as [75]
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Romanello, M., Walawender, M., Hsu, S.-C., Moskeland, A., Palmeiro-Silva, Y., Scamman, D., Ali, Z., Ameli, N., Angelova, D., Ayeb-Karlsson, S., et al. (2024) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01822-1 · Cited by 897
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Connecting the sustainable development goals by their energy inter-linkages
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Metadata
- Authors
- Smith, K. R., Frumkin, H., Balakrishnan, K., Butler, C. D., Chafe, Z. A., Fairlie, I., Kinney, P., Kjellstrom, T., Mauzerall, D. L., McKone, T. E., McMichael, A. J., & Schneider, M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (IN)
- University of Canberra (AU)
- Independent Consultant on Radioactivity in the Environment, United Kingdom;
- Columbia University (US)
- Australian National University (AU)
- Princeton University (US)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- Independent Consultant on Energy and Nuclear Policy, Paris, France;
- ORCID
- Venue
- Annual Review of Public Health
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2013-03-18
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 159-188
- ISSN
- 0163-7525 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2093
- OpenAlex
- W2129198907
- Cited by
- 285
- References
- 227
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 7
- FWCI
- 1.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Canberra Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Cambridge
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Energy and Environment Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Social Sciences › Health › Occupational Health and Global Justice
- Keywords
- energy and health, solid fuels, biomass burning, coal, occupational health, household air pollution, ambient air pollution, clean energy access, energy efficiency, renewable energy, health co-benefits, global burden of disease
- MeSH terms
- Environmental Exposure, Family Characteristics, Fossil Fuels, Humans, Nuclear Energy, Public Health, Risk Factors, Air Pollution, Indoor, Renewable Energy
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Energy and Human Health. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114404
- The paper
- Smith, K. R., Frumkin, H., Balakrishnan, K., Butler, C. D., Chafe, Z. A., Fairlie, I., Kinney, P., Kjellstrom, T., Mauzerall, D. L., McKone, T. E., McMichael, A. J., & Schneider, M. (2013). Energy and Human Health. Annual Review of Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114404
